In vitro test of fungicide resistance on Colletotrichum spp. causing anthracnose disease in mango
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Abstract
Mango is one of the economically important fruits for Thailand's exports. Anthracnose is indeed a significant threat to mango crops, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum spp. This disease can lead to severe losses in both the quantity and quality of mango yields. Disease control using fungicides is a common practice, but it’s mainly ineffective because the fungus has developed fungicide resistance. This research aimed to assess the pathogenicity of fungal isolates and evaluate the resistance of pathogenic fungi to fungicides under laboratory conditions. Seven isolates of Colletotrichum were collected from 3 Nam Dok Mai Si Thong mango plantation areas including Lopburi, Phichit, and Ratchaburi provinces. The results revealed that all fungal isolates caused disease symptoms on Nam Dok Mai Si Thong mango leaves. Two isolates, LD-03 (Lopburi isolate) and RB-D2 (Ratchaburi isolate), were the most aggressive, producing lesions larger than 2 cm. Regarding the fungicide resistance test, all isolates were resistant (R) to 3 fungicides, pyraclostrobin, chlorothalonil, and mancozeb with EC50 values of 69.59, 217.30, and 143.40 µg/ml, respectively. Moreover, 3 isolates, LD-03 (Lopburi isolate), PSG01 (Phichit isolate), and RB-G1 (Ratchaburi isolate) were moderately resistant (MR) to difenoconazole with EC50 values of 16.72 to 34.14 µg/ml. Furthermore, an isolate of PSD02 (Phichit isolate) was resistant (R) to 2 fungicides, difenoconazole and prochloraz with EC50 values of >1000 and 155.20 µg/ml, respectively. Fortunately, almost all isolates had the susceptibility (S) to prochloraz with EC50 values of 0.28 to 5.37 µg/ml. Thus, the data obtained from this study should be further tested on mango trees in a greenhouse or experimental plot to confirm the effectiveness of prochloraz before recommending its use in the cultivation areas of the three provinces.
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