Application of augmented reality with building information modeling for as-built verification: A new project handover process proposal
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Abstract
Project handover is a critical activity in construction that requires verification of consistency between digital models and actual construction. Although Building Information Modeling (BIM) is widely adopted in the Thai construction industry, handover verification still relies primarily on screen-based comparison and practitioner expertise, lacking a systematic process that integrates 1:1 on-site verification into the handover workflow. This research proposes a new project handover process integrating Augmented Reality (AR) with BIM to support verification of BIM models against actual construction in preparation for LOD 500 handover, analyzes its practical implications for building owners, and suggests implementation conditions for the Thai construction industry. Conducted as a Proof-of-Concept and Process Proposal on a case study building under construction, BIM models were developed in Autodesk Revit at LOD 400 and above, converted to IFC, and displayed through the Gamma AR application on mobile devices. Testing was conducted at 48 inspection points covering architectural and sanitary works. The qualitative findings revealed five main deviation types: elements shown in the model but absent on site, position mismatches, hidden elements, pipe alignment deviations, and discrepancies in size and shape compared with actual products. Of the 48 inspection points, 32 (66.70%) were found consistent with the model and 16 (33.30%) exhibited deviations, with missing elements being the most prevalent issue (5 points, 31.25%). Based on these findings, the research proposes four roles for AR: a stage-based verification tool during construction, a mechanism for confirming readiness for LOD 500 handover, a support tool for facility management, and a model reconciliation mechanism. Sustainable implementation requires three structural conditions: contractual commitment, enforcement throughout construction, and dedicated budget allocation. The findings suggest that AR does not replace human expertise but has the potential to enhance the efficiency and reliability of handover verification and to support the use of BIM as a living documentation system usable throughout a building's lifecycle.
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Published manuscript are the rights of their original owners and RMUTSB Academic Journal. The manuscript content belongs to the authors' idea, it is not the opinion of the journal's committee and not the responsibility of Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi
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