Antibacterial activities of formulated plant ethanolic extracts and application in liquid soap products
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Abstract
Many plant extracts are more effective against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria. This research aimed to develop a plant extract formula with antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Four distinct plant species, namely leaves of Tectona grandis L.f., rhizomes of Zingiber purpureum Roscoe, rhizomes of Curcuma longa L., and fruits of Carissa carandas L., were extracted using 95% ethanol. A total of 15 different extract formulations were prepared and subsequently evaluated for their antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 using agar disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The most promising formulation was further assessed against eight strains of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Additionally, the selected formulation was incorporated into a liquid soap, and its efficacy in reducing bacterial cell counts was investigated. The results demonstrated that the fourth formulation exhibited superior antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.6 to 2.5 mg/ml against Gram-positive bacteria and 5.0 to 10.0 mg/ml against Gram-negative bacteria. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of the formula against Gram-positive bacteria ranged from 2.5 to 10.0 mg/ml, while for Gram-negative bacteria, MBC values ranged from 10.0 to 20.0 mg/ml. This study also revealed that the liquid soap containing the extract formulation effectively reduced bacterial cell counts for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In conclusion, this study highlights the efficacy of the extract formula in combating a wide spectrum of bacterial infections.
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References
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