Efficacy of Bacillus tequilensis S3.1 to control fungal Trichoderma atroviride and Trichoderma longibrachiatum caused green mold disease in phoenix oyster mushroom (Pleurotus pulmonarius)
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Abstract
Trichoderma spp. are important causative agents of green mold disease in the production of phoenix oyster mushroom. Disease control using antagonistic bacteria is one of the biological control methods that is safe for humans and environmentally friendly. This research aimed to screen antagonistic bacteria against Trichoderma spp. and investigate the efficiency of these bacteria in controlling Trichoderma spp. in the greenhouse. The three fungal isolates were isolated from infected cultivating bag samples. Based on morphological characteristics and sequence analysis of the ITS region, the results showed that they were identified as Trichoderma atroviride BM1.2, Trichoderma longibrachiatum GM3, and Trichoderma longibrachiatum GM4. Twenty isolates of Bacillus spp. were isolated and screened for their ability to control the pathogenic fungi. In dual culture testing, Bacillus sp. S3.1 exhibited the highest efficacy to inhibit the growth of Trichoderma atroviride BM1.2, Trichoderma longibrachiatum GM3, and Trichoderma longibrachiatum GM4 by 63.01%, 55.99%, and 53.96, respectively. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) production analysis of Bacillus sp. S3.1 showed the inhibition of the growth and sporulation of the tested fungi. Based on 16S rDNA gene analysis, isolate S3.1 was identified as Bacillus tequilensis. In vivo experiments, the spawning and cropping stages, all antagonist treatments reduced the disease incidence compared to the single pathogen treatments. In addition, the mushroom yields of antagonist treatments were not significantly different from those of uninfected treatments. This
antagonist isolate could reduce the incidence of green mold disease and decrease the loss of fresh mushroom production. This study suggests Bacillus tequilensis S3.1 is a promising biocontrol agent and could be developed as
a biological fungicide for oyster mushroom production.
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