Publication Ethics and Publication Malpractice Statement

The journal strictly adheres to the highest standards of publication ethics in accordance with the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and maintains a zero-tolerance policy toward publication misconduct.
Manuscripts found to involve publication misconduct will be rejected, and published articles will be retracted if violations of publication ethics or academic misconduct are identified in any of the following circumstances:

1. Plagiarism
     Plagiarism in any form constitutes a violation of publication ethics. Authors must properly and appropriately acknowledge and cite all sources of information.
     The journal uses CopyCatch to conduct similarity checks and sets the maximum acceptable similarity index at 25%, excluding quotations and references.
     Manuscripts exceeding the specified similarity threshold will be rejected. If a published article is subsequently found to exceed the established threshold, the article will be retracted.
2. Fabrication and Falsification
     Authors must present their research findings honestly and in a manner that allows verification.
     Fabricating nonexistent data or facts, manipulating or falsifying research data or findings, and citing nonexistent academic references (hallucinated or fabricated citations), whether deliberately created or generated through artificial intelligence (AI) tools without proper verification, constitute violations of publication ethics.
     Such misconduct will result in rejection of the manuscript or retraction of an article that has already been published.
3. Duplicate Publication and Simultaneous Submission
     Publishing the same work in more than one academic journal, or simultaneously submitting the same manuscript for publication consideration to multiple journals or academic conferences, constitutes serious publication misconduct.
     Such conduct will result in rejection of the manuscript or retraction of an article that has already been published.
4. Redundant Publication and Salami Slicing
     Republishing previously published work, data, or manuscript content in another journal without proper academic citation, or deliberately dividing data or findings from a single research study into multiple smaller publications solely to increase the number of published articles in a manner inconsistent with academic principles, constitutes redundant publication and unethical publication practices.
     Such practices create unnecessary duplication in the academic literature and constitute publication misconduct.
     They will result in rejection of the manuscript or retraction of an article that has already been published.
5. Misrepresentation of Authorship Roles
     Misrepresenting the names, roles, or actual contributions of authors constitutes a violation of publication ethics.
      Such practices include listing individuals who did not make genuine contributions to the research (gift or guest authorship), deliberately omitting individuals who made substantial contributions to the research or manuscript preparation (ghost authorship), and concealing or misrepresenting authors' actual contributions.
     Such misconduct will result in rejection of the manuscript or retraction of an article that has already been published.
6. Peer Review Manipulation
     The journal does not permit any action intended to interfere with or manipulate the manuscript review process, including recommending reviewers with conflicts of interest or exerting undue influence to affect review outcomes.
     Such conduct constitutes serious publication misconduct and will result in immediate rejection of the manuscript without proceeding to external peer review.

Reference: Guidelines issued by the Thai-Journal Citation Index Centre (TCI).