Yield performance of early-maturity cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) elite lines under four varied environments
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Abstract
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is a leguminous crop that can widely adapt to diverse environments, including high temperature and drought–prone areas. Due to its early maturity, the cowpea has been introduced into cropping systems. Cowpeas are utilized as fresh pod, dry grain, fodder and green manure. The cowpea breeding project herein developed cowpea lines through crossing and pure line selection, in which 27 lines were selected. However, performance evaluation is most required prior to their release to the farmer. A total of 29 cowpea lines (27 lines from a breeding program and 2 of check varieties) were evaluated under four environments at the Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University from 2016 to 2018. The trials were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results found the significance of G × E interaction on grain yield. A planting date of November 15, 2017 presented the greatest grain yield (286.6 g/m2). The higher temperature of April 9, 2017 affected the shortening days to flowering (32.10 days) and days to harvest (50.23 days). According to regression and GGE biplot, CPL33, 305, 39D, and KKM60–2 are great in yield performance and adaptability across four environments. Moreover, they are also early maturity (68–72 days) and suitable for crop rotation.
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