Insecticidal activity of teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) leaves extracts against diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.) and mealybug (Phenacoccus manihoti Matile–Ferrero)
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Published:
Apr 4, 2021
Keywords:
anti-feedant inhibition of insect development insecticidal property oral toxicity repellent
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Abstract
The efficacy examination of ethanolic and methanolic extracts from three varieties of teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) leaves, i.e., Sak-Syamindra (SS), Sak-Mahesak (SM), and Sak-Thong (ST) against larvae of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L., DBM) and nymph of cassava mealybug (Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero, CMB) were investigated by using leaf dipping method. Various concentrations of extracts were applied and compared with the control (Tween-20 in water) and chemical insecticide groups. The insecticidal properties of teak extracts were studied in terms of oral toxicity test to both insects, anti-feedant activity, and inhibition of insect development assay employed to DBM and repellent test to CMB. The results presented that teak leave extract treatments gave a rather high effect in killing the larva of DBM with the median lethal concentration (LC50) at 24 and 48 hr as 7.2–8.8 and 4.9–6.4%, respectively. The methanolic extracts obtained from SM and SS at 6% concentration could inhibit the development of DBM from larva to adult, lower than 10%. Both ethanolic and methanolic extracts from ST showed the highly effective result in anti-feedant rate, at 4% concentration presented completely anti-feedant activity. For the test to CMB, the results revealed that all extracts from SM were highly effective in killing the nymph of CMB with the LC50 at 24 and 48 hr as 3.9–4.2 and 2.3–2.4%, respectively. All extracts presented a rather low effect in repellency to the nymph. The performance of insecticides against both insects showed no significant difference compared with SM extracts (p < 0.05). The results of this study implied SM extract might be another alternative way for the development of botanical insecticides.
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References
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Sarfraz, M. and B.A. Keddie. 2005. Conserving the efficacy of insecticides against Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lep., Plutellidae). J. Appl. Entomol. 129: 149–157.
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Abbott, W.S. 1987. A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. 1925. J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 3: 302–303.
Alabi, K. and T. Oyeku. 2017. The chemical constituents extractable from teak tree (Tectona grandis Linn) obtained from Fountain University, Osogbo. Nig. J. Basic Appl. Sci. 25(1): 73–80.
Avetisyan, A., A. Markosian, M. Petrosyan, N. Sahakyan, A. Babayan, S. Aloyan and A. Trchounian. 2017. Chemical composition and some biological activities of the essential oils from basil Ocimum different cultivars. BMC Complement Altern. Med. 17: 60.
Bellotti, A.C. 2002. Arthropod pests, pp. 209–235. In: R.J. Hillocks, J.M. Thresh and A.C. Bellotti, (Eds), Cassava: Biology, Production and Utilization. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK.
Bellotti, A.C., B.V. Herrera Campo and G. Hyman. 2012. Cassava production and pest management: present and potential threats in a changing environment. Trop. Plant Biol. 5: 39–72.
Capinera, J.L. 2000. Diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). EENY-119. Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida.
Charleston, D.S., M. Dicke, L.E.M. Vet and K. Rami. 2001. Integration of biological control and botanical pesticides–evaluation in a tritrophic context, pp. 207–216. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop. Melbourne, Australia.
Charoensak, S., J. Pumnuan and A. Insung. 2009. Efficiency of extracts from indigenous herbs of northeastern Thailand in controlling the tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litula (f.). As. J. Food Ag–Ind. Special issue: S234–S240.
Dhale, D.A. 2013. Plants used for insect and pest control in North Maharashtra, India. J. Ethno. Trad. Med. Photon. 118: 379–388.
Duangchinda, A., B. Anurugsa and N. Hungspreug. 2014. The use of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides on paddy fields and cholinesterase levels of farmers in Sam Chuk district, Suphan Buri province, Thailand. Thammasat Int. J. Sci. Technol. 19(1): 39–51.
Godghate, A.G. and R.S. Sawant. 2014. Phytochemical analysis of leaves of Tectona grandis Linn. Int. J. Pharm. Biol. Sci. 5(1): 355–359.
GPAC (Grains Pest Advisory Committee). 2017. Resistance Management Strategy for Diamondback Moth in Australian Canola. GRDC Factsheet. Grains Research and Development Corporation.
Guerrero–Vásquez, G.A., Z.A. Carlos Kleber, M.G. Jose and A.M. Francisco. 2013. Practical first total synthesis of the potent phytotoxic (+)–naphthotectone, isolated from Tectona grandis. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 27: 6175–6180.
Hamad, Y.K., Y. Abobakr, M.Z.M. Salem, H.M. Ali, A.S. Al–Sarar and A.A. Al–Zabib. 2019. Activity of plant extracts/essential oils against three plant pathogenic fungi and mosquito larvae: GC/MS analysis of bioactive compounds. BioResources 14(2): 4489–4511.
Hamdin, C.D., E.S. Prasedya, S.W. Utami, D. Galanova, D.C. Saputro, A. Nurrochmad, R. Murwanti, A. Jupri and H. Sunarpi. 2019. Acute toxicity of Indonesian natural food colorant Tectona grandis leaf extract in Wistar rats. J. Med. Sci. 19(2): 69–74.
Jompong, U., J. Pumnuan and A. Insung. 2015. Insecticide application in mushroom farms: a survey study in Nongyaplong district, Phetchburi province, Thailand. KMITL. Sci. Tech. J. 15(2): 80–87.
Khare, C.P. 2007. Indian Medicinal Plants: An Illustrated Dictionary. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg.
Kokutse, A.D., A. Stokes, H. Bailléres, K. Kokou and C. Baudasse. 2006. Decay resistance of Togolese teak (Tectona grandis L.f) heartwood and relationship with colour. Trees 20: 219–223.
Kumar, R., K.C. Sharma and D. Kumar. 2009. Studies on ovicidal effects of some plant extracts against the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) infesting cauliflower crop. Biol. Forum Int. J. 1(1): 47–50.
Kushwah, A.S., P. Kaur and R. Singh. 2013. In–vitro antioxidant potential and phytochemical screening of Tectona grandis Linn. leaves. Int. J. Pharm. Med. Res. 1: 33–38.
Lanka, S. and Parimala. 2017. Antimicrobial activities of Tectona grandis leaf and bark extracts. Eur. J. Pharm. Med. Res. 4(12): 245–248.
Majeed, M.Z., M.I. Nawaz, R.R. Khan, U. Farooq and C. Ma. 2018. Insecticidal effect of some plant extracts on citrus mealybug Planococcus citri (Risso) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Trop. Subtrop. Agroecosyst. 21: 421–430.
Nielsen, N.J., J. Nielsen and D. Staerk. 2010. New resistance–correlated saponins from the insect–resistant crucifer Barbarea vulgaris. J. Agric. Food Chem. 58: 5509–5514.
Pascual–Villalobos, M.J. and A. Robledo. 1998. Screening for anti–insect activity in Mediterranean plants. Ind. Crops Prod. 8: 183–194.
Pavela, R. 2016. History, presence and perspective of using plant extracts as commercial botanical insecticides and farm products for protection against insects – a review. Plant Protect. Sci. 52(4): 229–241.
Pumnuan, J. and A. Insung. 2016. Fumigant toxicity of plant essential oils in controlling thrips, Frankliniella schultzei (thysanoptera: thripidae) and mealybug, Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). J. Ent. Res. 40(1): 1–10.
Rahman, S., S.K. Biswas, N.C. Barman and T. Ferdous. 2016. Plant extract as selective pesticide for integrated pest management. Biotechnol. Res. J. 2(1): 6–10.
Roonjho, A.R., W.A. Gillani, A. Rasool, N. Akhtar, T. Mahmood, A. Arsalan, M. Afzal, I. Khan, M.A. Ranjha, M. Irfan and J. Khanhod. 2013. Repellency effects of different plant extracts to cotton mealy bug, Phenococcus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Pakistan J. Agric. Res. 26(3): 213–219.
Saddiq, B., S.A. Shad, H.A.A. Khan, M. Aslam, M. Ejaz and M.B.S. Afzal. 2014. Resistance in the mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) in Pakistan to selected organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides. Crop Protect. 66: 29–33.
Sangavi, R. and Y.S. Johnson Thangaraj Edward. 2017. Anti–insect activities of plant extracts on the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.). Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci. 6(12): 28–39.
Sarfraz, M. and B.A. Keddie. 2005. Conserving the efficacy of insecticides against Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lep., Plutellidae). J. Appl. Entomol. 129: 149–157.
Sarfraz, M., L.M. Dosdall and B.A. Keddie. 2005. Spinosad: a promising tool for integrated pest management. Outlooks Pest Manag. 16: 78–84.
Tawatsin, A., U. Thavara and P. Siriyasatien. 2015. Pesticides used in Thailand and toxic effects to human health. Med. Res. Arch. 3: 1–10.
Wakgari, W.M. and J.H. Giliomee. 2003. Natural enemies of three mealybug species (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) found on citrus and effects of some insecticides on the mealybug parasitoid Coccidoxenoides peregrines (Hymenoptera: Encytridae) in South Africa. Bull. Entomol. Res. 93: 243–254.
Winotai, A., G. Goergen, M. Tamo and P. Neuenschwander. 2010. Cassava mealybug has reached Asia. Biocontrol News Inf. 31(2): 10N–11N.
Yi, D., L. Cui, Y. Liv, M. Zhauang, Y. Zhauang, Z. Fang and L. Yang. 2011. Transformation of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) with Bt cry1Ba3 gene for control of diamondback moth. Agr. Sci. China. 10(11): 1693–1700.