Evaluation of six elite irrigated spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties tolerant to heat stress during late sowing
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
To assess the heat stress tolerance of recently released wheat varieties, six of these varieties (Shatabdi, BARI Gom 26, BARI Gom 27, BARI Gom 28, BARI Gom 29 and BARI Gom 30) were evaluated at two sowing conditions (optimum sowing on November 15 and extremely late sowing under heat stress on January 15). All treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with a split–plot arrangement and repeated three times. Two sowing dates were arranged in the main plots and six wheat varieties were assigned to sub–plots. The varieties that are suitable to grow under late sowing were recognized based on phenological data such as date of booting, heading, anthesis and physiological maturity, growth data such as plant population, number of tillers m–2, plant height, leaf area index, total biomass at the booting stage and plant height at harvest. Besides phenological and growth data, yield and yield attributes such as spikes m–2, spike length (cm), spikelets spike–1, grains spike–1, 1000–grain weight (g), grain yield (GY, kg ha–1), straw yield (kg ha–1), biological yield (kg ha–1) and harvest index were also recorded. Stress–related parameters such as yield stability index, stress tolerance index, stress intensity and heat susceptibility index were also estimated for final confirmation of heat tolerance of varieties. In optimum sowing conditions, phenology, growth, yield and yield components were significantly higher than in late sowing under heat stress. Among these wheat varieties, significantly (p < 0.01) highest GY was obtained from Shatabdi (5,096 kg ha–1) and lowest from BARI Gom 27 (3,955.33 kg ha–1) when sown under optimum conditions. When sown at late, BARI Gom 30 was found to be heat tolerant and produced maximum GY (1,834.33 kg ha–1), whereas BARI Gom 27 was highly sensitive to heat and produced the lowest GY (1,353 kg ha–1). Under both sowing conditions (optimum and late sowing), significantly maximum GY and biological yield were recorded in variety Shatabdi (3,419 kg ha–1), and the lowest was observed in BARI Gom 27 (2,654 kg ha–1). By evaluating heat tolerance indices, BARI Gom 30, followed by BARI Gom 29, BARI Gom 26 and Shatabdi were found to be tolerant to heat stress, whereas BARI Gom 27 and BARI Gom 28 were susceptible to late–sowing heat stress condition. Therefore, except for BARI Gom 27 and BARI Gom 28, the remaining four varieties (Shatabdi, BARI Gom 26, BARI Gom 29 and BARI Gom 30) are recommended for sown late heat stress condition and could also be used in a future breeding program to develop heat–tolerant varieties.
Article Details
References
Abdullah, M., A. Rehman, N. Ahmad and I. Rasul. 2007. Planting time effect on grain and quality characteristics of wheat. Pak. J. Agri. Sci. 44(2): 200–202.
Ahamed, K.U., K. Nahar and M. Fujita. 2010. Sowing date mediated heat stress affects the leaf growth and dry matter partitioning in some spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. IIOAB J. 1(3): 8–16.
Alam, M.P., S. Kumar, N. Ali, R.P. Manjhi, N. Kumari, R.K. Lakra and T. Izhar. 2013. Performance of wheat varieties under different sowing dates in Jharkhand. J. Wheat Res. 5(2): 61–64.
Almansouri, M., J.M. Kinet and S. Lutts. 2001. Effect of salt and osmotic stresses on germination in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). Plant Soil. 231(2): 243–254.
Araus, J., J. Ferrio, R. Buxo and J. Voltas. 2007. The historical perspective of dry land agriculture: lessons learned from 10000 years of wheat cultivation. J. Exp. Bot. 58(2): 131–145.
Asana, R.D. and A.D. Saini. 1962. Studies in physiological analysis of yield. V. Grain development in wheat relation to high temperature, soil moisture and changes with age in the sugar content of the stem and in the photosynthetic surface. Ind. J. Plant Physiol. 5: 128–171.
Asana, R.D. and R.F. Williams. 1965. The effect of temperature stress on grain development in wheat. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 16(1): 1–13.
Atikulla, M.N. 2013. Effect of Single Irrigation and Sowing Date on Growth and Yield of Wheat. MS Thesis, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Badaruddin, M., D.A. Saunders, A.B. Siddique, M.A. Hossain, M.O. Ahmed, M.M. Rahman and S. Parveen. 1994. Determining yield constraints for wheat production in Bangladesh, pp. 265–271. In: D.A. Saunders and G.P. Hettel, (Eds.), Wheat in Heat Stressed Environments: Irrigated, Dry Areas and Rice–Wheat Farming Systems. International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Mexico.
BARI (Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute). 1984. Annual Report 1981–1982. Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh.
BARI. 2003. Annual Report 2002–2003. Wheat Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Dinajpur, Bangladesh.
BARI. 2016. Wheat varieties. Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute. Available Source: http://baritechnology.org/en/home/tech_commodity#result. September 20, 2020.
BBS (Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics). 2016. Statistical Yearbook of Bangladesh. Statistics Division, Ministry of Finance and Planning, Government of Peoples Republic of Bangladesh. Available Source: http://203.112.218.65/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/AgricultureWing/Wheat–16.pdf. September 20, 2020.
Briggle, L.W. and L.P. Rietz. 1963. Classification of Triticum Species and of Wheat Varieties Grown in the United States. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C., USA.
Chowdhury, M.Z.R. 2002. Effect of Different Sowing Dates on Morpho–Physiological Features, Yield and Yield Contributing Characters of Three Modern Wheat Varieties. MS Thesis, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh.
Dixit, A.K. and A.K. Gupta. 2004. Influence of methods of sowing and seed rates on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under different dates of sowing. Environ. Ecol. 22(suppl. 3): 407–410.
Djanaguiraman, M., D.L. Boyle, R. Welti, S.V.K. Jagadish and P.V.V. Prasad. 2018. Decreased photosynthetic rate under high temperature in wheat is due to lipid desaturation, oxidation, acylation, and damage of organelles. BMC Plant Biol. 18: 55.
FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization). 2015. FAO Statistical Pocket Book. Food and Agricultural Organization, Rome, Italy.
Fernandez, G.C.J. 1992. Effective selection criteria for assessing stress tolerance, pp. 257–270. In: C.G. Kuo, (Ed.), Proceedings of the International Symposium on Adaptation of Vegetables and Other Food Crops in Temperature and Water Stress, 13–18 August 1992. Taiwan.
Fischer, R.A. and R. Maurer. 1978. Drought resistance in spring wheat cultivars. I. Grain yield responses. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 29(5): 897–912.
Gardner, F.P., R.B. Pearce and R.L. Mitchell. 1985. Physiology of Crop Plants. Iowa State University Press, Iowa, USA.
Hossain, A., M.A.Z. Sarker, M. Saifuzzaman, J.A. Teixeira da Silva, M.V. Lozovskaya and M.M. Akhter. 2013. Evaluation of growth, yield, relative performance and heat susceptibility of eight wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes grown under heat stress. Int. J. Plant Prod. 7(3): 615–636.
Khan, M.A., W. Sabir, N. Ahmad and A.R. Rehman. 2007. Selection criterion for high yielding wheat genotypes under normal and heat stress conditions. SAARC J. Agric. 5(2): 101–110.
Khanna–Chopra, R. and C. Viswanathan. 1999. Evaluation of heat stress tolerance in irrigated environment of T. aestivum and related species. I. Stability in yield and yield components. Euphytica 106: 169–180.
Kumar, S., P. Alam and N. Ali. 2013. Response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties to sowing dates. J. Res. 25(1): 56–59.
Lewis, F.B. 1994. Gene–environment interaction. Heredity 8: 333–356.
Lott, N., T. Ross, A. Smith, T. Houston and K. Shein. 2011. Billion Dollar U.S. Weather Disasters, 1980–2010. National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina, USA.
Malik, A.H., R. Kuktaite and E. Johansson. 2013. Combined effect of genetic and environmental factors on the accumulation of proteins in the wheat grain and their relationship to bread–making quality. J. Cereal Sci. 57(2): 170–174.
Mathur, S., D. Agrawal and A. Jajoo. 2014. Photosynthesis: response to high temperature stress. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B. 137: 116–126.
Montgomery, E.G. 1911. Correlation studies in corn, pp. 108–159. In: Annual Report–Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station Vol. 24. University of Nebraska, Lincoln, USA.
Nicolas, M.E., R.M. Glaeadow and M.J. Dalling. 1984. Effects of drought and high temperature on grain growth in wheat. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 11: 553–566.
Papathanasiou, F., C. Dordas, F. Gekas, C. Pankou, E. Ninou, I. Mylonas, K. Tsantarmas, I. Sistanis, E. Sinapidou, A. Lithourgidis and J.K. Petrevska. 2015. The use of stress tolerance indices for the selection of tolerant inbred lines and their correspondent hybrids under normal and water–stress conditions. Procedia Environ. Sci. 29: 274–275.
Qasim, M., M. Qamer, Faridullah and M. Alam. 2008. Sowing dates effect on yield and yield components of different wheat varieties. J. Agric. Res. 46(2): 135–140.
Said, A., H. Gul, B. Saeed, B. Haleem, N.L. Badshahi and L. Parveen. 2012. Response of wheat to different planting dates and seeding rates for yield and yield components. ARPN J. Agric. Biol. Sci. 7(2): 138–140.
Samuel, S.R., P.S. Deshmukh, R.K. Sairam and S.R. Krshwaha. 2000. Influence of benzyl adenine application on yield and yield components in wheat genotypes under normal and late planning condition. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 23(1): 81–86.
Sandhu, I.S., A.R. Sharma and H.S. Sur. 1999. Yield performance and heat unit requirement of wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties as affected by sowing dates under rainfed conditions. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 69(3): 175–179.
Sangtarash, M.H. 2010. Responses of different wheat genotypes to drought stress applied at different growth stages. Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 13: 114–119.
Sial, M.A., M.A. Arain, S.K.M.H. Naqvi, M.U. Dahot and N.A. Nizamani. 2005. Yield and quality parameters of wheat genotypes as affected by sowing dates and high temperature stress. Pak. J. Bot. 37(3): 575–584.
Singh, S. and M. Pal. 2003. Growth, yield and phenological response of wheat cultivars to delayed sowing. Indian J. Plant Physiol. 8(3): 277–286.
Slafer, G.A. and F.H. Andrade. 1991. Changes in physiological attributes of the dry matter economy of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) through genetic improvement of grain yield potential at different regions of the world. Euphytica 58: 37–49.
Suleiman, A.A., J.F. Nganya and M.A. Ashraf. 2014. Effect of cultivar and sowing date on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Khartoum, Sudan. J. For. Prod. Ind. 3(4): 198–203.
Tahir, M., A. Ali, A.N. Muhammad, A. Hussain and K. Farhan. 2009. Effect of different sowing dates on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties in district Jhang. Pak. J. Life Soc. Sci. 7(1): 66–69.
Tarchoun, N., M. M’hamdi and J.A. Teixeira da Silva. 2012. Approaches to evaluate the sensitivity of hot pepper floral structures to low night temperature. Europ. J. Hort. Sci. 77(2): 78–83.
Timsina, J., J. Wolf, N. Guilpart, L.G.J. van Bussel, P. Grassini, J. van Wart, A. Hossain, H. Rashid, S. Islam and M.K. van Ittersum. 2018. Can Bangladesh produce enough cereals to meet future demand? Agric. Syst. 163: 36–44.
Ubaidullah, R., T. Mohammad, A.S. Hafeezullah and A.W. Nassimi. 2006. Screening of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes for some important traits against natural terminal heat stress. Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 9: 2069–2075.
USDA (United States Department of Agriculture). 2014. National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference: Wheat Flour, Whole Grain. United States Department of Agriculture, USA.
Yang, J., R.G. Sears, B.S. Gill and G.M. Paulsen. 2002. Growth and senescence characteristics associated with tolerance of wheat–alien amphiploids to high temperature under controlled conditions. Euphytica 126: 185–193.
Yoshida, S. 1981. Fundamentals of Rice Crop Science. International Rice Research Institute, Manila, Philippines.