Soil moisture deficit effect on nutrient contents of cassava leaves during the early and late cropping seasons in soils amended with poultry manure - palm bunch ash mixture
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Soil moisture deficit affects the translocation of nutrients for photosynthesis and the transformation of sucrose into various nutrient content in cassava leaves. The objective of the study was to compare the nutrient contents of cassava leaves as affected by poultry manure-palm bunch ash mixtures and cropping seasons with the hypothesis that poultry manure-palm bunch ash mixture could improve the nutrient contents of cassava leaves during the early and late cropping seasons. The treatments consisted of four rates of poultry manure (0, 5, 10, and 15 t ha-1) mixed thoroughly with four rates of palm bunch ash (0, 1, 2, and 3 t ha-1) and applied to the cassava variety TMS 30572 during the early and late cropping seasons. Zero application of poultry manure-palm bunch ash mixture was the control. The experimental design was a 4 × 4 × 2 factorial experiment in a completely randomized design and replicated three times. Application of 10 t ha-1 of poultry manure significantly (P < 0.05) lowered moisture content (75.95 ± 0.49%) but increased crude protein (18.26 ± 0.60%), vitamin C (6.93 ± 0.29 mg/100mg), and carbohydrate (30.46 ± 2.67 g) contents of cassava leaves while control produced cassava leaves with lower vitamin C (5.81 ± 0.10 mg/100mg) and crude protein (15.71 ± 0.06%) contents. Application of 2 t ha-1 of palm bunch ash significantly increased crude protein (17.85 ± 0.78%) and vitamin C (6.68 ± 0.07 mg/100mg) contents of cassava leaves while control produced cassava leaves with low crude protein (16.85 ± 0.47%) and vitamin C (6.05 ± 0.21 mg/100mg) contents. Moisture deficit during the late cropping season resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) lower crude protein (16.80 ± 0.11%) content of cassava leaves while the early cropping season had higher crude protein (18.07 ± 0.47%) content of cassava leaves. The application of 10 t ha-1 of poultry manure mixed with 2 t ha-1 of palm bunch ash is recommended for improved nutrient contents of cassava leaves during the early and late cropping seasons. The results of this study imply that the application of poultry manure-palm bunch ash mixture during the early and late cropping seasons can serve as a nutrient booster in cassava leaves, early cropping season is still the best period for the availability of high nutritive vegetables, while cassava leaves can cushion the effect of vegetable scarcity and malnutrition during the dry season.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Aboyeji, C.M., S.O. Dahunsi, D.O. Olaniyan, O. Dunsin, A.O. Adekiya and A. Olayanju. 2021. Performance and quality attributes of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) fruits grown under soil applied Zn-fertilizer, green biomass and poultry manure. Sci. Rep. 11: 8291.
Achidi, A.U., O.A. Ajayi, M. Bokanga and B. Maziya-Dixon. 2005. The use of cassava leaves as food in Africa. Ecol. Food Nutr. 44(6): 423–435.
Adekiya, A.O., T.M. Agbede, C.M. Aboyeji, K.A. Adegbite, O. Dunsin, T.A. Adekanye and C.O. Aremu. 2019. Soil properties, okra performance and nutrient compositions as affected by tillage and maize cob ash. J. Crop Sci. Biotech. 22(2): 113–122.
Alagba, R.A., J.C. Obiefuna, I.I. Ibeawuchi, O.P. Onyewuchi, M.O. Ofor, N.A. Okoli, N.C. Adikuru, L.C. Emma-Okafor and C.A. Peter Onoh. 2017. Depth of planting and mulching: critical agronomic aspects (cultural practices) in late-season plantain establishment in rainforest agroecology of south-eastern Nigeria. FUTOJNLS. 3(1): 38–55.
AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists). 2010. Official Methods of Analysis of Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 18th Edition. Washington, D.C., USA.
Aremu, S.O. and C.C. Nweze. 2017. Determination of vitamin A content from selected Nigerian fruits using spectrophotometric method. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 52(2): 153–158.
Bokanga, M. 1994. Processing of cassava leaves for human consumption. Acta Hortic. 375: 203–208.
Bremner, J.M. and C.S. Mulvaney. 1982. Nitrogen-total, pp. 595–624. In: A.L. Page, R.H. Miller and R.R. Keeney, (Eds), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2nd Edition. American Society of Agronomy, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Ganeshamurthy, A.N., G.C. Satisha and P. Patil. 2011. Potassium nutrition on yield and quality of fruit crops with special emphasis on banana and grapes. Karnataka J. Agric. Sci. 24(1): 29–38.
GENSTAT. 2007. GENSTAT Release 7.2DE. Discovery Edition 3. Lawes Agricultural Trust, Rothamsted Experimental Station, UK.
Hendershot, W.H., H. Lalande and M. Duquette. 1993. Soil reaction and exchangeable acidity, pp. 141–145. In: M.R. Carter, (Ed), Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis. Lewis Publishers, London, UK.
Ikewuchi, C.J. and C.C. Ikewuchi. 2011. Iodometric determination of the ascorbic acid (vitamin C) content of some fruits consumed in a university community in Nigeria. Glob. J. Pure Appl. Sci. 17(1): 47–49.
James, C.S. 1995. Analytical Chemistry of Foods. Chapman and Hall, New York, USA.
Latif, S. and J. Muller. 2015. Potential of cassava leaves in human nutrition: a review. Trends Food Sci. Tech. 44(2): 147–158.
Liebhardt, W.C. 1968. Effect of potassium on carbohydrate metabolism and translocation, pp. 147–164. In: V.J. Kilmer, S.E. Younts and N.C. Brady, (Eds), The Role of Potassium in Agriculture. American Society of Agronomy, Inc., Crop Science Society of America, Inc. and Soil Science Society of America, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Long, S.P., X.G. Zhu, S.L. Naidu and D.R. Ort. 2006. Can improvement in photosynthesis increase crop yields? Plant Cell Environ. 29(3): 315–330.
Medyouni, I., R. Zouaoui, E. Rubio, S. Serino, B.H. Ahemd and N. Bertin. 2021. Effects of water deficit on leaves and fruit quality during the development period in tomato plant. Food Sci. Nutr. 9: 1949–1960.
Nassar, N.M.A. and A.O. Marques. 2006. Cassava leaves as a source of protein. J. Food Agric. Environ. 4(1): 187–188.
Nelson, D.W. and L.E. Sommers. 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter, pp. 539–579. In: A.L. Page, R.H. Miller and R.R. Keeney, (Eds), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2nd Edition. American Society of Agronomy, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Ngudi, D.D., Y.H. Kuo and F. Lambein. 2003. Cassava cyanogens and free amino acids in raw and cooked leaves. Food Chem. Toxicol. 41(8): 1193–1197.
Nijira, K.O.W. and J. Nabwami. 2015. A review of effects of nutrient elements on crop quality. Afr. J. Food Agric. Nutr. Dev. 15(1): 9777–9793.
Okechukwu, M.E. and C.C. Mbajiorgu. 2020. Spatial distribution of rainfall and reference evapotranspiration in southeast Nigeria. Agric. Eng. Int.: CIGR Journal. 22(1): 1–8.
Okoli, N.A., J.C. Obiefuna, I.I. Ibeawuchi, G.O. Ihejirika and R.A. Alagba. 2011. Assessment of poultry manure fortified with palm bunch ash (POASH) for cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) production in southeastern Nigeria. Acta Agronomica Nigeriana. 11(1–2): 88–97.
Okoli, N.A., J.C. Obiefuna, I.I. Ibeawuchi, R.A. Alagba, L.C. Emma-Okafor and C.C. Obasi. 2020. Plantain/watermelon intercropping systems for improved food security and income generation during the late cropping season. Can. J. Agric. Crops. 5(1): 92–102.
Olsen, S.R. and L.E. Sommers. 1982. Phosphorus, pp. 403–430, In: A.L. Page, R.H. Miller and R.R. Keeney, (Eds), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2nd Edition. American Society of Agronomy, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Onwordi, C.T., A.M. Ogungbade and A.D. Wusu. 2009. The nutrient and mineral composition of three leafy vegetables commonly consumed in Lagos, Nigeria. Afr. J. Pure Appl. Chem. 3(6): 102–107.
Orajaka, S.O. 1975. Geology. In: G.E.K. Ofomata, (Ed), Nigeria in Maps: Eastern States. Ethiope Publishing, Benin City, Nigeria.
Oyedeji, S., D.A. Animasaun, A.A. Bello and O.O. Agboola. 2014. Effect of NPK and poultry manure on growth, yield, and proximate composition of three amaranths. J. Bot. 2014: 828750.
Selemo, A.O.I., S.E. Ananaba, J.O. Nwagbara, V.E. Egejuru and V. Nwugha. 2012. Geostatistical analysis of rainfall temperature and evaporation data of Owerri for ten years. Atmos. Clim. Sci. 2: 196–205.
Shashi Kala and A.K. Godara. 2011. Effect of moisture stress on leaf total proteins, proline and free amino acid content in commercial cultivars of Ziziphus mauritiana. J. Sci. Res. 55: 65–69.
Sugiyama, T. and Y. Goto. 1966. Physiological role of potassium in the carbohydrate metabolism of plants (part II). Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 12(6): 19–23.
Thornburg, T.E., J. Liu, Q. Li, H. Xue, G. Wang, L. Li, J.E. Fontana, K.E. Davis, W. Liu, B. Zhang, Z. Zhang, M. Liu and X. Pan. 2020. Potassium deficiency significantly affected plant growth and development as well as microRNA-mediated mechanism in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Front. Plant Sci. 11: 1219.