Variations in crop productivity, microbial biomass and greenhouse gas fluxes as influenced by soil temperature elevation incorporated with indigenous organic amendments

Main Article Content

Md.S. Islam
Md.H.R. Khan

Abstract

Field experiments were conducted from February 2018 to May 2018 and October 2018 to January 2019 to evaluate the potentials of elevated soil temperature on crop production, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and CO2 and CH4 emissions along with the imposition of organic amendments, viz. rice straw compost (RSC), mustard meal (MM), and tricho-compost (TC). Soil temperature elevation of 3°C from the field temperature of 23–25°C was considered and RSC at the rates of 0, 4, and 8 t ha–1, MM at the rates of 0, 3, and 6 t ha–1, and TC at the rates of 0, 2.5, and 5 t ha–1 were applied. The carried-over effects of the aforesaid treatments were examined. The highest grain yields of 8.86 t ha–1 for BRRI dhan 29, 8.25 t ha–1 for BRRI dhan 74, and 6.97 t ha–1 for BR 3 rice varieties were recorded under 3°C of temperature rise along with RSC followed by MM and TC, while TC exerted the pronounced effect on the subsequent bottle gourd (BARI Lau–1: Lagenaria siceraria) production (10 fruits/plant). The amounts of MBC in the soils were maximum at 60 days after transplantation of rice, compared to other growth stages of rice under soil temperature rise of 3°C with TC at 2.5 t ha–1 in the first trial, while MBC contents were increased with the advent of time in succeeding soil, irrespective of the treatments which might be due to the flourishment of Trichoderma spp. even under stressful conditions. The elevated temperature notably increased CO2 emission (from 500 to 1,800 mg m–2 h–1) but lessened CH4 emission (from 985 to 687 mg m–2 h–1). The CH4 emission was greatly influenced by MBC compared to CO2. Among the used amendments, mustard meal exerted the highest absorption capacity of the analyzed gases in soil by conserving 20–30% soil moisture which thereby ameliorated microbial abundance. Furthermore, the practices of the mustard meal and tricho-compost in the field markedly increased crop production, improved soil health, and lessened CH4 emission.

Article Details

Section
Research Article

References

Akter, N., K.A. Ara, M.H. Akand and M.K. Alam. 2017. Vermicompost and trrichocompost in combination with inorganic fertilizer: increased growth, flowering and yield of gladiolus cultivar (GL–031). Adv. Res. 12(3): 1–11.

Anjali, M.C. and B.C. Dhananjaya. 2019. Effect of climate change on soil chemical and biological properties–a review. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci. 8(2): 1502–1512.

Badr, O., S.D. Probert and P.W. O’Callaghan. 1991. Atmospheric methane: its contribution to global warming. Appl. Energy. 40(4): 273–313 .

Bilkis, S., M.R. Islam, M. Jahiruddin, M.M. Rahman and T.S. Hoque. 2018. Residual effects of different manures and fertilizers applied to preceding potato crop on succeeding mung bean (Vigna radiate L.) crop in potato-mung bean-rice cropping pattern. SAARC J. Agric. 16(2): 167–179.

Bouman, B.A.M., H. Hengsdijk, B. Hardy, P.S. Bindraban, T.P. Tuong and J.K. Ladha. 2002. Water-wise Rice Production. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Water-wise Rice Production. Los Baños, Philippines.

Bray, G.N. and L.T. Kurtz. 1945. Determination of total, organic and available forms of phosphorus in soils. Soil Sci. 59: 39–45.

Brookes, P.C., A. Landman, G. Pruden and D.S. Jenkinson. 1985. Chloroform fumigation and release of soil N: a rapid direct extraction method to measure microbial biomass N in soil. Soil Biol. Biochem.17(6): 837–842.

Chang, S.C., K.H. Tseng, Y.J. Hsia, C.P. Wang and J.T. Wu. 2008. Soil respiration in a subtropical montane cloud forest in Taiwan. Agric. For. Meteorol. 148: 788–798.

Dalal, R.C. and D. Moloney. 2000. Sustainability indicators of soil health and biodiversity, pp. 101–108. In: P. Hale, A. Petrie, D. Moloney and P. Sattler, (Eds.), Management for Sustainable Ecosystems. Centre for Conservation Biology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.

Fang, X., S. Luo and S. Lyu. 2019. Observed soil temperature trends associated with climate change in the Tibetan Plateau, 1960–2014. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 135: 169–181.

FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). 2015. FAOSTAT. Available Source: http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data.

FAO. 2019. Rice Market Monitor: Volume 20. Trades and Market Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.

Goyal, S., D. Singh, S. Suneja and K.K. Kapoor. 1992. Effect of rice straw compost on soil microbiological properties and yield of rice. Indian J. Agric. Res. 34(4): 263–268.

Harris, D., R.P. Voroney and E.A. Paul. 1997. Measurement of microbial biomass N:C by chloroform fumigation-incubation. Can. J. Soil Sci. 77: 507–514.

Ibrahim, E.A. and A.E.A. El-Kader. 2015. Effect of soil amendments on growth, seed yield and NPK content of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) grown in clayey soil. Int. J. Soil Sci. 10(4): 186–194.

IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). 2014. Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, USA.

IPCC. 2018. IPCC Special Report: Global Warming of 1.5°C–Summary for Teachers. Working Group III, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

Jackson, M.L. 1973. Soil Chemical Analysis. 2nd Edition. Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India.

Jenkinson, D.S. and D.S. Powlson. 1976. The effects of biocidal treatments on metabolism in soil–V: a method for measuring soil biomass. Soil Biol. Biochem. 8(3): 209–213.

Joshi, B., S.D. Singh, B.M. Devi, H. Pathak, D. Sharma and A. Chaudhary. 2017. Effect of elevated temperature on soil microbial activity and nitrogen transformations in wheat crop (Triticum aestivum). Indian J. Agric. Sci. 87(2): 167–172.

Kim, S.Y., C.H. Lee, J. Gutierrez and P.J. Kim. 2013. Contribution of winter cover crop amendments on global warming potential in rice paddy soil during cultivation. Plant Soil. 366: 273–286.

Liu, Y., S.Q. Li, S.J. Yang, W. Hu and X.P. Chen. 2010. Diurnal and seasonal soil CO2 flux patterns in spring maize fields on the Loess Plateau, China. Acta Agric. Scand. Sec. B Soil Plant Sci. 60(3): 245–255.

Mahmoud, E., M. Ibrahim, P. Robin, N. Akkal-Corfini and M. El-Saka. 2009. Rice straw composting and its effect on soil properties. Compost Sci. Util. 17(3): 146–150.

Mahmud, K., M.S. Chowdhury, N. Noor and S.M.I. Haq. 2014. Effects of different sources of biochar application on the emission of a number of gases from soil. Can. J. Pure Appl. Sci. 8(2): 2813–2824.

Natsheh, B. and S. Mousa. 2014. Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers application on soil and cucumber (Cucumis sativa L.) plant productivity. Int. J. Agric. For. 4(3): 166–170.

Page, A.L., R.H. Miller and D.R. Keeney. 1982. Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2nd Edition. American Society of Agronomy, Inc. and Soil Science Society of America, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

Piash, M.I., Md.F. Hossain, I.N. Anyanwu, S. Al Mamun and Z. Parveen. 2018. Effect of biochar application on soil carbon fluxes from sequential dry and wet cultivation systems. Am. J. Clim. Change. 7: 40–53.

Piper, C.S. 1966. Soil and Plant Analysis. The University of Adelaide Press, Adelaide, Australia.

Saha, N. and B. Mandal. 2009. Soil health–a precondition for crop production, pp. 161–184. In: M. Khan, A. Zaidi and J. Musarrat, (Eds.), Microbial Strategies for Crop Improvement. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany.

USSL (United States Salinity Laboratory). 1954. Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkaline Soils. Agriculture Handbook No. 60. The United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C., USA.

Walkley, A.J. and I.A. Black. 1934. Estimation of soil organic carbon by the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci. 37: 29–38.

Whitaker, J., N. Ostle, A.T. Nottingham, A. Ccahuana, N. Salinas, R.D. Bardgett, P. Meir and N.P. McNamara. 2014. Microbial community composition explains soil respiration responses to changing carbon inputs along an Andes-to-Amazon elevation gradient. J. Ecol. 102: 1058–1071.