Effect of aqueous extract of fresh sweet orange peel on growth performance and non-specific immune response of broiler chickens
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Abstract
Background and Objectives: One of the many approaches proposed to enhance immune response is to supplement the diet with natural products like sweet orange peel extract, which is said to increase the production of antibodies, improving the immune system indirectly through their antiviral, antioxidant, and antibacterial effects. This study investigated the effect of aqueous extract of fresh sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) peel (AEFSOP) on the performance and non-specific immune response of broiler chickens.
Methodology: Three hundred (300) unsexed day-old (Cobb500) broiler chicks were used in the experiment made up of three treatment groups of AEFSOP (0, 50, and 100 mL/L) containing 100 birds per treatment with 20 birds replicated 5 times in each treatment group in a completely randomized design. Fresh sweet oranges were procured and peeled to produce the aqueous extract. The peels were soaked in water for 12 hours (200 g to 1 liter of water), and the extract was infused into the drinking water of the birds three consecutive days a week. The birds were fed ad libitum throughout the experiment which lasted for 42 days. Data were collected on performance traits, including feed intake, water intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and survivability. In addition, a non-specific immune response was determined at day 21.
Main Results: Results showed no significant (P > 0.05) differences in performance. Statistically similar values for final weight in birds administered AEFSOP at 0, 50, and 100 mL/L (1,665.20 ± 52.39, 1,680.00 ± 123.00, and 1,635 ± 112.91 g, respectively; P = 0.777). Albeit, the values obtained in the birds administered with the aqueous solution had a better performance numerically, though not statistically. Similarly, values recorded for feed conversion ratio (1.94 ± 0.07, 1.92 ± 0.15, and 1.97 ± 0.14, respectively; P = 0.841) were also non-significant (P > 0.05). There was an increasing trend with increasing levels of administration from 0, 50 to 100 mL/L in non-specific immune response (0.33 ± 0.11, 0.69 ± 0.18, and 0.69 ± 0.18 mm, respectively; P = 0.843).
Conclusions: The study concluded that administration of AEFSOP at 50 or 100 mL/L tended to enhance the non-specific immune response in broiler chickens.
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