Distribution of volatile compounds of traditional aromatic Joha rice (Oryza sativa L.) of upper Assam, India
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Abstract
Background and Objectives: Joha is aromatic endemic rice cultivated in the upper Brahmaputra valley of Assam. As reported 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) and other volatile compounds are responsible for its flagrancy. The present study was designed as a way to identify the 2AP and other volatile compounds in the collected landraces of Joha rice.
Methodology: Toluene extract of the fifteen (15) genotypes of Joha rice was analyzed through gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which was sowing and harvested in the trial paddy field of Dibrugarh University during the study period. Reported compounds were identified by Library Search (NIST MS Search Program v.2.0g) for each peak using retention time (RT), and mass (m/z). Principal component analysis (PCA) was done, and a dendrogram was prepared using the unweighted pair group method (UPGMA).
Main Results: Forty (40) volatile compounds were detected under 12 chemical categories, including 17 alkanes, 1 alkene, 1 aromatic aldehyde, 1 aromatic amino acid, 6 aromatic hydrocarbons, 5 esters, 1 organo-halogen, 1 phenol-containing compound, 1 poly(organosiloxanes), 3 polycyclic aromatic compounds, 1 carboxylic acid, and 1 pyrroline. The 2AP along with other fragrant volatile compounds were detected in these landraces. Six other volatile compounds namely; 1-Iodododecane, 4-tert-butylcalix[4] arene, pentacyclo(9.5.1.13.-9.15.15.17.13)octasiloxane, 1,3,5,7,9,13-hexamethyl-11,15-diphenyl-3,5-diphenyl-1,2,4-trioxolane, 1,5,7,9,11,13-hexamethyl-3,15-diphenyloctaprismo-octasilasesqui-oxane and 1-(3α, 7α, 12α-tris(trimethylsiloxy)-5β-cholan-24-oyl) were newly detected in these landraces of Joha rice, for the first time. The PCA indicates that components are spatially distributed, and 3 clusters are being formed depending on the distribution among the landraces.
Conclusions: The present investigation reported, for the first time, the presence of 6 volatile compounds in Joha rice along with 2AP in Joha rice found in the upper Brahmaputra valley of Assam, India. The study has not only evaluated the reasons behind flagrancy in Joha rice but also encourages plant breeders and harvesters to cultivate Joha rice.
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