Efficacy of seaweed extracts as biostimulant on growth and yield attributes of peanut (Arachis hypogaea)
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background and Objective: Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) are a leguminous crop with significant importance in enhancing human nutrition, making them a vital component of crop production. However, extractive farming practices such as intensive cultivation and imbalanced fertilization have been identified as contributing to yield reduction. Therefore, there is a growing interest in exploring natural products like seaweed extracts that promote growth and productivity and reduce the reliance on synthetic agricultural inputs. This study sought to evaluate the effects of various seaweed extracts on various agronomic parameters specific to peanut cultivation.
Methodology: The study employed a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications and five treatment groups: T1 - Negative control, T2 - Positive control, T3 - Kappaphycus alverezii (12.5 mL), T4 - Cottoni, Spinossum, and Sargasssum (10 mL), and T5 - Brown kelp mass (15 mL). Data collected from the study were analyzed and compared through LSD at P < 0.05 using STAR software. Significant variations in growth and yield-related traits of peanuts among different treatments were assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Main Results: Superior plant height at 30 and 60 days after sowing was observed in positive control with values of 24.09 ± 3.64 and 52.77 ± 2.38 cm, respectively, compared to the other treatment (P < 0.01). Consequently, all seaweed extracts significantly influenced (P < 0.05) various peanut parameters, including the number of days to flowering, number of pods per plant, 100-seed weight, shelling percentage, pod yield, seed yield, and harvest index. Notably, the application of Kappaphycus alverezii significantly (P < 0.001) increased pod yield (2.42 ± 0.26 t/ha) and seed yield (1.71 ± 0.17 t/ha) compared to the other treatments.
Conclusions: Applying seaweed extracts, particularly Kappaphycus alverezii, significantly improved the growth and yield-related traits of peanuts. Therefore, utilizing natural extract derived from macroalgae can serve as an alternative to synthetic inputs to enhance crop productivity.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Abad, L.V., F.B. Aurigue, D.R.V. Montefalcon, P.H. Manguiat, F.F. Carandang, S.A. Mabborang, M.G.S Hizon and M.E.S. Abella. 2018. Effect of radiation-modified kappa-carrageenan as plant growth promoter on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Radiat. Phys. Chem. 153: 239–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2018.10.005.
Abbas, M., J. Anwar, M. Zafar-ul-Hye, R. Iqbal Khan, M. Saleem, A.A. Rahi, S. Danish and R. Datta. 2020. Effect of seaweed extract on productivity and quality attributes of four onion cultivars. Horticulturae 6(2): 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae6020028.
Ashour, M., S.M. Hassan, M.E. Elshobary, G.A.G. Ammar, A. Gaber, W.F. Alsanie, A.T. Mansour and R. El-Shenody. 2021. Impact of commercial seaweed liquid extract (TAM®) biostimulant and its bioactive molecules on growth and antioxidant activities of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum). Plants 10(6): 1045. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10061045.
D’Aloia, M., D. Bonhomme, F. Bouché, K. Tamseddak, S. Ormenese, S. Torti, G. Coupland and C. Périlleux. 2011. Cytokinin promotes flowering of Arabidopsis via transcriptional activation of the FT paralogue TSF. Plant J. 65(6): 972–979. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2011.04482.x.
Dahmardeh, M., M. Bameri, B. Keshtegar and I. Khammari. 2020. Individual and combined application of bio fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of peanut (Arachis hypogaea). Crop Science Research in Arid Regions 2(1): 23–32. https://doi.org/10.22034/csrar.2020.119156.
Das, D., A. Arulkumar, S. Paramasivam, A. Lopez-Santamarina, A. del Carmen Mondragon and J.M.M. Lopez. 2023. Phytochemical constituents, antimicrobial properties and bioactivity of marine red seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) and seagrass (Cymodocea serrulata). Foods 12(14): 2811. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12142811.
Di Filippo-Herrera, D.A., M. Muñoz-Ochoa, R.M. Hernández-Herrera and G. Hernández-Carmona. 2019. Biostimulant activity of individual and blended seaweed extracts on the germination and growth of the mung bean. J. Appl. Phycol. 31: 2025–2037. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-018-1680-2.
Dwivedi, S.K., M.R. Meshram, A. Pal, N. Pandey and A. Ghosh. 2014. Impact of natural organic fertilizer (seaweed saps) on productivity and nutrient status of blackgram (Phaseolus mungo L.). The Bioscan 9(4): 1535–1540.
El-Yazied, A.A., A.M. El-Gizawy, M.I. Ragab and E.S. Hamed. 2012. Effect of seaweed extract and compost treatments on growth, yield and quality of snap bean. J. Am. Sci. 8(6) 1–20.
Gatan, M.G.B. and M.T. Gatan. 2020. Improved mungbean productivity through irradiated carrageenan (PGP) application. Available Source: https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3561356.
Hanafy Ahmed, A.H., M.R. Nesiem, A.M. Hewedy and E.S.H. Sallam. 2010. Effect of some simulative compounds on growth, yield and chemical composition of snap bean plants grown under calcareous soil conditions. J. Am. Sci. 6(10): 552–569.
Issa, R., M. Boras and R. Zidan. 2019. Effect of seaweed extract on the growth and productivity of potato plants. SSRG - IJAES 6(2): 83–89. https://doi.org/10.14445/23942568/IJAES-V6I2P116.
Khan, W., U.P. Rayirath, S. Subramanian, M.N. Jithesh, P. Rayorath, D.M. Hodges, A.T. Critchley, J.S. Craigie, J. Norrie and B. Prithiviraj. 2009. Seaweed extracts as biostimulants of plant growth and development. J. Plant Growth Regul. 28: 386–399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-009-9103-x.
Kharbyngar, B. and D. Singh. 2019. Influence of seaweed extract organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth and yield of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var botrytis) cv Pant sugra. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem. 8(4): 2088–2090.
Kocira, S., A. Szparaga, M. Kuboń, E. Czerwińska and T. Piskier. 2019. Morphological and biochemical responses of Glycine max (L.) Merr. to the use of seaweed extract. Agronomy 9(2): 93. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9020093.
Konlan, S., J. Sarkodie-Addo, E. Asare and M.J. Kombiok. 2013. Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varietal response to spacing in the Guinea savanna agro-ecological zone of Ghana: Growth and yield. Afr. J. Agric. Res. 8(22): 2769–2777.
Kulkarni, M.G., K.R.R. Rengasamy, S.C. Pendota, J. Gruz, L. Plačková, O. Novák, K. Doležal and J. Van Staden. 2019. Bioactive molecules derived from smoke and seaweed Ecklonia maxima showing phytohormone-like activity in Spinacia oleracea L. N. Biotechnol. 48: 83–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2018.08.004.
Kurakula, R.S.R. and P.K. Rai. 2021. Effect of seaweed extracts on growth, yield parameters in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L). Int. J. Plant Soil Sci. 33(24): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430746.
Makawita, G.I.P.S., I. Wickramasinghe and I. Wijesekara. 2021. Using brown seaweed as a biofertilizer in the crop management industry and assessing the nutrient upliftment of crops. Asian J. Agric. Biol. 2021(1): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.35495/ajab.2020.04.257.
Mandaliya, J.V., K.D. Desai, C.R. Patel, B.R. Gondaliya and P.P. Solanki. 2022. Response of vegetable cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] to different biostimulants. Pharma Innov. 11(4): 216–221.
Meng, C., X. Gu, H. Liang, M. Wu, Q. Wu, L. Yang, Y. Li and P. Shen. 2022. Optimized preparation and high-efficient application of seaweed fertilizer on peanut. J. Agric. Food Res. 7: 100275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2022.100275.
Mohammed, S., M.M. El-Sheekh, S.H. Aly, M. Al-Harbi, A. Elkelish and A. Nagah. 2023. Inductive role of the brown alga Sargassum polycystum on growth and biosynthesis of imperative metabolites and antioxidants of two crop plants. Front. Plant Sci. 14: 1136325. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1136325.
Patel, T.S. and F.P. Minocheherhomji. 2018. Plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria: Blessing to agriculture. Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 6(2): 481–492.
Priyadarshini, V.M. and P. Madhanakumari. 2021. Effect of biostimulants on the yield of bush bean (Lablab purpureus var. typicus). Ann. Plant Soil Res. 23(1): 66–70. https://doi.org/10.47815/apsr.2021.10031.
Raofa, T.P. 2021. Growth, Nodulation and Yield Responces of Promiscuous and Specific-Nodulation Soybean Cultivars to Rhizobium Inoculation and Seaweed Extract. MS Thesis, University of Limpopo, Limpopo, South Africa.
Seif, Y.I.A., S.E.D.M. El-Miniawy, N.A.I.A. El-Azm and A.Z. Hegazi. 2016. Response of snap bean growth and seed yield to seed size, plant density and foliar application with algae extract. Ann. Agric. Sci. 61(2): 187–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aoas.2016.09.001.
Stirk, W.A. and J. Van Staden. 2014. Plant growth regulators in seaweeds: Occurrence, regulation and functions. Adv. Bot. Res. 71: 125–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-408062-1.00005-6.
Thirumaran, G., M. Arumugam, R. Arumugam and P. Anantharaman. 2009. Effect of seaweed liquid fertilizer on growth and pigment concentration of Abelmoschus esculentus (L) Medikus. Am-Euras. J. Agron. 2(2): 57–66.
Turck, F., F. Fornara and G. Coupland. 2008. Regulation and identity of florigen: FLOWERING LOCUS T Moves Center Stage. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 59: 573–594. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092755.
Zewail, R.M.Y. 2014. Effect of seaweed extract and amino acids on growth and productivity and some biocostituents of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) plants. J. Plant Prod. 5(8): 1441–1453. https://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jpp.2014.64669.
Zodape, S.T., S. Mukhopadhyay, K. Eswaran, M.P. Reddy and J. Chikara. 2010. Enhanced yield and nutritional quality in green gram (Phaseolus radiata L) treated with seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) extract. J. Sci. Ind. Res. 69(6): 468–471.