The role of aqueous Cinnamomum cassia extract on growth performances, gut morphometry, duodenal histomorphometry, organ weight, and blood profiles of broiler chickens
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Abstract
Background and Objective: The utilization of antibiotics as growth promoters in broiler chicken production has been widely accepted due to their impact in enhancing rapid growth and increased broiler chicken production. However, its application has been grossly abused, especially in developing countries, with concomitant effects on the development of resistant strains of bacteria, impacting the productive performance of broiler chicken and having detrimental health implications for consumers. Hence, the need arises to investigate the role of aqueous Cinnamomum cassia extract on growth performances,
gut morphometry, duodenal histomorphometry, organ weight, and blood profiles of broiler chickens.
Methodology: A total of 240-one-day old mixed sex Cobb 500 broiler chicks were used to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of cinnamon (AEC) on performance indices (such as final body weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, blood profiles, gut histomorphometry, and carcass traits) of broiler chickens for a period of 6 weeks. The chicks were equalized for weight at a day old and assigned to six treatments replicated four times (10 birds/replicate) in a completely randomized design. Treatments consist of positive control (enrofloxacin), negative control (no antibiotics/ aqueous cinnamon extracts), 2, 4, 6, and 8% aqueous extract of cinnamon (AEC). The AEC treatments and antibiotics (manufacturer recommendation: 10 mg/litre of water) were administered consecutively thrice a week (from the first day of the week), all through the experimental period.
Main Results: Birds administered 4% AEC had significantly lower total feed intake as well as better feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05). At 3rd week of age, broiler chickens under 2% AEC had improved villus height and width; while those exposed to 4% AEC had an enhanced crypt depth (P < 0.05). Incorporation of 2, 4, and 6% AEC resulted in relatively better development of the digestive (proventriculus, liver, and gizzard) and lymphoid (spleen and Bursa of Fabricius) organs at 3rd week of age (P < 0.05). Most values obtained for the blood profile across the treatments were not significantly different and were within the reference range for healthy chickens (P > 0.05).
Conclusions: The study discovered that farmers should utilize aqueous cinnamon extract at the rate of 4% administered thrice consecutively a week to improve productive performance indices (feed conversion ratio, duodenal histomorphometry, organ development) in broiler chickens.
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