Thermal apoptosis causes reduction in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in Indian Gir cattle breed when exposed to high temperatures for a long time

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Published: Aug 4, 2025
Keywords:
Heat shock protein In vitro Stress Thermo-tolerance

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Gbolabo Olaitan Onasanya
Department of Animal Science, Federal University Dutse, Dutse 720223, Nigeria; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Tamil Nadu 637002, India; Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai 600051, India
Krishnaswamy Gopalan Tirumurugaan
Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai 600051, India
John Sunday De Campos
Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State 111101, Nigeria
Aranganoor Kannan Thiruvenkadan
Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Tamil Nadu 637002, India
George Mutani Msalya
Department of Animal, Aquaculture and Range Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 67100, Tanzania
Nagarajan Murali
Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Tamil Nadu 637002, India
Ramasamy Saravanan
Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Tamil Nadu 637002, India
Angamuthu Raja
Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Tamil Nadu 637002, India
Alice Adishetu Yisa
Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Dutse, Dutse 720223, Nigeria
Jennifer Afua Afrifa Yamoah
Animal Health Division, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Animal Research Institute, Achimota, Accra GA-1110, Ghana
Abdulmojeed Yakubu
Department of Animal Science, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Shabu-Lafia Campus, Lafia 950102, Nigeria
Christian Obiora Ikeobi
Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State 111101, Nigeria
Uchenna Blessing Alozieuwa
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Veritas University, Abuja 901101, Nigeria
Moses Okpeku
Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa

Abstract

Background and Objective: The changing effect of climate has grave consequences on livestock production. Hence, the goal of this study is to conduct an in vitro thermal stress stimulation on Indian Gir cattle peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by exposing them to a range of temperatures and time, in order to determine how PBMCs react to different levels of heat shock.
Methodology: Fresh blood (10 mL) was collected from each of the 45 Indian Gir cattle, and PBMCs were separated. PBMCs were divided into nine groups; each group had 5 PBMC samples. Aliquots of 500 µL of PBMCs were stressed by exposing them to different temperatures (normal: 37°C and extreme: 45°C) for durations of thermal exposure (DTEs) of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 h. The control samples, which were not stressed (500 µL aliquot of PBMCs), were exposed to no temperature (0°C) and zero DTE (0 h).
Main Results: A significant positive relationship between increasing temperature and PBMC count was observed (P < 0.01). Also, the viability of PBMCs was negatively impacted (P < 0.01) by heat shock, which accounted for the exponential decrease in PBMCs as TACs/heat shock toughened. In vitro study of thermally stressed PBMCs provides insight into the response of cellular systems to heat shock. We discovered a significantly strong regression coefficient (b) of 92.0%, predicting a 92.0% response of PBMCs to an increase in temperature. After heat shock stimulation, we also calculated the coefficient of determination (R2), and we discovered that R2 (84.7) accounted for a decrease in PBMC count due to heat shock. Further to the above, we detected a 92.0% relationship (P < 0.01) between an increase in temperature (heat shock) and PBMC count.
Conclusions: This study proved that PBMCs can be employed as a cellular system to learn about how Gir cattle responds to assaults of thermal conditions for improved management and performance.

Article Details

Issue
Vol. 58 No. 1 (2025): January-March
Section
Research Articles
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

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