Development of 5-Unit IoT-based Electricity Meters

Abstract

The development of five-unit IoT-based (Internet of Things) electricity meters aimed to design, evaluate, and verify their characteristics, also to develop a data transmission system to the cloud and display the information via a dashboard. The developed electricity meters could measure electrical quantities using the PZEM-004T v3.0 energy measurement module and transmit data to an ESP32 board for processing before sending it to the cloud via an internet network. The electricity meters operated at a voltage of 230V to power the circuit. The research results indicated that the five IoT-based electricity meters, utilizing PZEM-004T energy measurement modules and communicating via the Modbus protocol, could accurately measure electrical quantities, including voltage (V), current (A), power (W), frequency (Hz), power factor (PF), and energy consumption (Wh). The measurement errors observed were ±0.16% for voltage, ±0.91% for current, and ±0.80% for power. All were within the accuracy standard limit set by the Provincial Electricity Authority at ±2.5% error for the meter installed in lower than 33 kV voltage system. Additionally, data transmission to the cloud and the dashboard display was accurate and real-time precise. In conclusion, the development of five-unit IoT-based electricity meters demonstrated acceptable measurement accuracy and reliable data presentation through the dashboard. Historical electricity consumption data could be accessed via a web browser, and the data could be utilized for analysis and management purposes.