Preliminary Study of Genetic, Morphology and Phytochemistry of Paris polyphylla Sm.

Abstract

     Paris polyphylla Sm. is perennial hurb with rhizome. The stem is 0.5-1.0 m above ground. Leaves are found in a whorl of 5 to 10 leaves with broadly oval shape and parallel edge. Petiole is brown. Solitary flower, with 4-6 green bracts. Fruit is capsule and round shape with smooth surface. Seeds are red with orange. Plants are distributed in highland about 900-1,900 meters above sea level. Generally, plants grow in late summer-late rainy season and break dormant to summer. The utilization of plants is tonic medication, healing wounds and bruise. At present, Paris polyphylla Sm. is risk of extinction due to slow growth and excessive harvesting. The main ingredients of this plant in saponins and polyphenol. This preliminary study was conducted for plant samples from 10 locations of Chiangmai (Doisaket), Samoeng, Mae Wang (Khun Wang), Mae Chaem (Mae Jon Luang), Chiang Dao, Chom Thong (Khun Taeand Mae Dad), Chiang Rai (Wiang Pa Paoand Pang Khon) and Nan (Mae Charim) which classified into 7 sample sites as Doisaket (S1), Samoeng (S2), Mae Chaem (S3), Mae Wang (S4), Wiang Pa Pao (S5), Chiang Dao (S6) and Mae Charim (S7) which were genetically different. After classified by Agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC), all samples were separated into 3 groups as follow: group 1 composed of S1 (Doisaket), S2 (Samoeng), S5 (Wiang Pa Pao), and S6 (Chiang Dao), group 2 composed of S3 (Mae Chaem) and S4 (Mae Wang) and group 3 was S7 (Mae Charim). For phytochemical study, it was found that sample from Wiang Pa Pao (S5) showed the highest total phenolic compounds of (0.009 mg/gDW). Sample from Samoeng (S2) showed the highest antioxidant capacity (23.63±0.03 %) and sample from Mae Chaem (S3) showed the highest total saponins substance (32.26±0.65 mg/gDW.).