Morphological Traits for Selecting Maize Breeding Lines with High Trehalose-6-phosphate Synthase Relative Expression
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Abstract
Selecting traits at the seedling stage is an effective method to shorten the breeding process. Additionally, molecular selection techniques can further enhance breeding efficiency, especially under unpredictable climate conditions. Droughts can severely damage crops, but plants that accumulate high levels of trehalose are better able to adapt to abiotic stress. This study investigated the expression of genes related to trehalose biosynthesis using RT-PCR to identify parent lines for hybrid seed production, employing a Line x Tester mating design. The objectives were to evaluate the relationship between Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene expression and seedling-stage phenotypic traits, as well as to assess the genetic parameters of parent lines derived from the hybrids. The results revealed a statistically significant positive correlation between Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene expression and traits such as leaf greenness, seedling height, shoot dry weight, and total dry weight. Analysis of combining ability showed that the maternal line Grp2-1-2S1-3 and the paternal line Ki11 exhibited significantly higher general combining ability values than the parent average. Moreover, five hybrids which are Grp3-1-S1×Ki11, Grp2-3-1S1×DTMA202, Grp2-1-2S1-3×Kei1608, Grp3-13-1S1×DTMA202, and Grp6-3-2S1-5×Kei1608 demonstrated significantly high specific combining ability for the traits studied. These five hybrids are therefore recommended for further evaluation under field conditions in subsequent trials.
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