Extension Guidelines for Production and Enhancing Quality of Sakon Nakhon Geographical Indication Indigo Paste of Farmers in Sakon Nakhon Province

Abstract

     Indigo production is vital for the grassroots economy of Sakon Nakhon province, yet upstream processes face critical standardization challenges. Implementing the Geographical Indication (GI) system is a strategic mechanism to enhance the quality and value of Sakon Nakhon Indigo paste. However, elderly farmers lack the technical proficiency and traceability recording systems required for GI certification. This mixed-methods research aimed to analyze production constraints and compare spatial disparities in extension requirements between Phanna Nikhom and Akat Amnuai districts to establish area-specific extension guidelines. Data was collected via focus group discussions with 10 key informants and structured interviews with 165 indigo farmers. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (independent t-test). The findings revealed that farmers encountered significant barriers to achieving GI certification ( = 4.11), particularly concerning internal quality control systems. Hypothesis testing demonstrated statistically significant spatial differences in extension needs (p ≤ 0.05). Farmers in Akat Amnuai required intensive technical knowledge for GI standards, whereas those in Phanna Nikhom prioritized marketing and brand development support. Therefore, policy recommendations advocate for an area-based extension approach tailored to the specific needs of each district to sustainably enhance regional competitiveness.