Selection of Cross Between Saeng 5 and Pathum Thani 1 Rice Varieties to Increase Phenolic Content and Yield in the F4 and F5 Generations
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Abstract
The Saeng 5 variety, a local purple rice is characterized by its purple pericarp and high grain phenolic content, which possesses antioxidant properties. However, it has low yield compared to modern rice varieties. This research aimed to evaluate and select rice lines with black pericarp, high phenolic content, and high yield. The selection was made from the 3rd generation cross between Saeng 5 and Pathum Thani 1, with a total of 14 plants with pigmented pericarp and high grain phenol content, In the 4th generation, the segregating population was grown in experimental pots under greenhouse conditions during the off-season in 2020, with 10 plants per populations. Four plants with high yield and high phenolic content were selected. Seeds of F5 lines were grown in the field during the rainy season in 2020. The final 7 lines of purple rice were selected for high phenol content, black pericarp, and high grain yield. The phenolic content ranged from 753.0 to 1237.4 mg of GAE per 100 g, which is higher than the Saeng 5 variety (533.34 mg of GAE per 100 g) and the Pathum Thani 1 variety (not detectable level of phenol content). In addition, the selected lines produced high grain yield which ranged from 20.2 to 24.6 g per plant. The selected lines can serve as a vital genetic resource for breeding and as a genetic base for selecting high-phenol, high-yield rice varieties in the future.
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