EFFECTS OF PARITY, SEASON, BODY CONDITION SCORE, TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY ON POSTPARTUM OVARIAN ACTIVITY OF WHITE LUMPOON CATTLE
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Abstract
White Lumpoon (WL) cows, a native cattle breed in northern Thailand, were used as experimental animals to: (1) assess effects of parity, season, ambient temperature, body weight change (BWC) and body condition score (BCS) on postpartum ovarian activity (POA); (2) reduce postpartum anoestrous interval by supplementation of trace minerals, Ca, and P and; (3) compare rectal temperature between Holstein x Native crossbred and WL cows under heat stress condition. Two groups of the WL cows were used. The first group of cows were at Mae Hia Research Station and Training Center, Chiang Mai University, and comprised 62 primiparous and multiparous cows. The second group were WL cows in village farms to which 6 cows per group were allocated to 3 treatments, control, trace minerals and trace minerals with additional Ca plus P supplementation. The cows in both University and village farms were allowed to graze in natural pasture during the day and kept in housing at night. Milk and plasma progesterone, assayed by solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA), were used for monitoring ovarian activity. The results from the University farm were: cummulative percentage of the POA at 10-20, 21-40, 41-60, 61-80, 81-100, 101-120, 121-140 and over 140 d were 12.9, 48.4, 61.3, 74.2, 85.5, 93.5, 98.4, and 100 percent respectively. There were no significant differences among the POA of parity numbers, but pregnancy rate of parities 1-2 vs 3-6 and 1-3 vs 4-6 were 13.3 vs 51.1 and 21.7 vs 53.8% respectively (P <.05). The BCS was less in the hot-wet (2.96 ± 0.12) than cool-dry (3.51 ± 0.07) and hot-dry (3.73± 0.12) (P <.05). For temperature humidity index (THI) as indicator of heat stress, there was positive correlation between THI and BCS (r2= 0.33, P <.05). In addition, there were no significant difference (P> .05) between BCS vs POA, BWC vs POA, and BWC vs BCS. Rectal temperature of the WL and Holstein x Native cows at 830 h were 37.8 ± 0.07 and 38.0 ± 0.10 °C while at 1530 h the values were 38.9 ± 0.08 and 38.7 + 0.11 °C respectively with no statistical difference between genotype of the cows. In village farms, supplementation of trace minerals and trace mineral with additional Ca plus P tended to shorten days from calving to first mating. The study showed that the WL cows was a tolerable breed to heat stress condition when assess by reproductive parameters.
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