Response of Rice to Silicon Fertilizer Application and Its Effects on Silicon Availability in Soil of Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Thailand
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Abstract
This research aimed to evaluate the optimal rates of silicon (Si) fertilizer on the growth, yield components, yield, and Si uptake in each part of Pathum Thani 1 rice and its effects on Si availability in the soil of the Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya province. The experiment was arranged in a 2x5 factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications and two factors. The first factor was the soil series; Tha Rua (Tr), and Ayutthaya (Ay). The second factor was the Si fertilizer, which was set at five different levels; 0, 0.42, 0.84, 1.26, and 1.68 g SiO2/pot. The findings revealed that soil types significantly impacted plant growth, yield, and the amount of Si content in various plant parts. The rice planted in the Se soil series illustrated higher leaf greenness, number of panicles per hill, rice yield (straw and grain), and Si uptake in various plant parts; more than that of the Tr soil series. Applying Si fertilizer at 0.42 g SiO2/pot gave the highest grain yield, particularly in the Se soil series (26.6 g/hill). The application of Si fertilizer at 1.68 g SiO2/pot provided the highest Si content in culms, leaves, and grain; at 0.38, 0.48, and 0.50 g/hill, respectively. Increases in Si fertilizer rates noticeably increased the Si availability in both soil types. Applying Si fertilizer at 1.68 g SiO2/pot gave the highest amount of Si in water-soluble, exchangeable, available, and residual fractions at (49, 224, 274, and 15,278 mg/kg in the Tr soil series and 56, 87, 143, and 13,692 mg/kg in the Se soil series, respectively).
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