Effects of Merchant Grain Beetle (<I>Oryzaephilus mercator</I> (Fauvel)) Infestation and Mass Rearing in 4 Kernel Characteristics of Cashew Nut Seeds
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Abstract
The merchant grain beetle (Oryzaephilus mercator (Fauvel)) is an insect infesting cashew kernels (Anacardium occidentale (L.)). The merchant grain beetle (MGB) is a pest in storage that greatly damages the cashew yield after harvest. The objectives of this research were to study the growth period of the MGB and to compare the increase in numbers of MGB when cultured on commercial cashew seed types. From the data collection, it was found that there were 4 types of commercial seeds: whole seeds, split seeds, broken seeds and ground seeds. When rearing the merchant grain beetle (MGB), the period of growth from the egg to adult was 29.14 ± 3.09 days and when rearing 50 insects in ground cashew kernels in all 4 types by inoculating them for a period of 3 months. The number of MGB in the ground and broken kernels increased to 4,775.50 and 4,789.11 individuals, while the number of insects in spilt kernels and full kernels was 2,883.61 and 2,650.44 individuals, respectively. which were 9,451.00, 9,478.22, 5,667.22 and 5,200.88 %, respectively. In 3 months, the highest number of MGB was 6,745.58 individuals, followed by 3,324.00 and 1,254.42 individuals which grew in 2 months and 1 month, respectively. The rate of increasing from the initial 50 MGB in month 1, 2 and 3 were 2,408.84, 6,548.00 and 13,391.16 %, respectively. The result showed that merchant grain beetles can directly infest all types of cashew kernels as the primary insect pest of cashew nuts.
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