Genetic Analysis of Genes <I>OsDFR</I> Associated to Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Thai Purple Rice Landraces
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Abstract
Khao Kum (purple rice) contains an important active ingredient, anthocyanin. However, purple rice landrace gives lower yield compared to modern varieties. Therefore, breeding programs to increase yield and grain quality including the utilization of other parts of purple rice landrace besides consumption offers an alternative to boost income for farmers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the expression of DFR gene and anthocyanin content in purple rice landrace, in the leaves at 45 days after transplantation and in brown rice grains, across nine purple rice landrace varieties which were selected by plant morphology: group 1 purple shoot and leaves: Kum Doi Saket, Kum Phayao, Kum Wiang Sa and K4 and group 2 green shoot and leaves: Hom Nin, Kum Hom-CMU, Kum Jao-CMU, Leum Pua, and BL3, including with the two check varieties of white rice, Pathum Thani 1 and Khao Dawk Mali 105. Three replications of a completely randomized design (CRD) were conducted in the pot experiment. The DFR gene exhibited the highest expression in Kum Doi Saket and Kum Wiang Sa. It was observed that K4 had the highest anthocyanin content in leaves at 45 days after transplanting. The anthocyanin content in brown rice was the highest in K4 and Kum Doi Saket. A negative correlation was observed between the expression levels of the DFR gene and anthocyanin content in leaves, and between the grain anthocyanin content and yield and between the anthocyanin content in brown rice and yield. The data obtained from this study revealed that measuring the expression level of the OsDFR gene alone is not effective enough to be used as a molecular marker for selecting purple rice varieties with high grain anthocyanin. However, it can still provide important fundamental information and the development of appropriate molecular markers for selecting suitable and efficient rice varieties in the future.
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