Interspecific Hybridization and Inheritance by Backcross Method in Chilis
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Abstract
Fortyfour varieties of chilies were grown for selection. Ten varieties were selected. They were classified into 3 species; Capsicum annuum, Capsicum chinense and Capsicum frutescens. It was demonstrated that viability and germination of pollen of all varieties were viable and there was no differences among the varieties. However, % seed germination was significantly different. Bhutjolokai showed the lowest% and 1449-6-19, F-3-8 and M1116 showed the highst % seed germination. However, M1116 showed the lowest% of fruit setting and F-3-8 and Bhutjolokai showed the highest %. Interspecific hybridization and backcrossing was observed among C. annuum, C. chinense and C. frutescens. Chili plant height, bush width, fruit width, fruit length, and average fruit of all 10 varieties significantly different. Among the F1 hybrids, CA1449-6-10-1 × 35-5-3-1 demonstrated the highest fruit width which was significantly different from other F1 hybrids, BC1F1, BC2F1 and most of the parents. Among the F1 hybrids, PJ07-1 × Bhutjolokai1 demonstrated the highest fruit length which was significantly differently longer than other F1 hybrids, BC2F1 the parents and most of BC1F1. Among the F1 hybrids, M1116-2 × PJ07-1 demonstrated the highest average fruit weight which was significantly differently higher than most of BC1F1, BC2F1, the parents. However, the average fruit weight was significantly different higher and lower than other F1 hybrids and the parents. Interspecific hybridization between C. annuum × C. chinense did not increase fruit weight per plant of C. annuum. However, the hybridization between C. chinense × C. frutescens increased fruit weight per plant of variety Jinda-2. The hybrid 35-5-3-1 x Bhutjolokai-3 and 35-5-3-2 × Bhutjolokai-1 increased fruit weight per plant of 35-5-3-1, eventhough, the fruit size was decreased. Interspecific hybridization between C. frutescens (35-5-3-1) with many varieties of C. annuum. It increased fruit weight per plant, higher than the parents and decreased average fruit weight lower than the parents. Good potential hybrids were 35-5-3-1 × F-3-8-2, 35-5-3-1 × PJ07-2, 35-5-3-1 × PJ05-2, 35-5-3-3 × PJ-10-3-2 and 35-5-3-2 × CA1449-6-10-2. 35-5-3-1 was the best parent among the group.
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