Mechanism of Insecticide Resistance to Insect

Abstract

Insecticide resistance is a major problem in pest control. Upon exposer to insecticides, most of insects die but some of them are still alive, reproduce and create more resistance insects with increasing in every generation. The major classes of insecticide include organophosphate, pyrethroid, neonicotinoid,
and carbamate have been used for insect control. The mechanisms of resistance can be started before insecticide entering to inside the body of insect; behavioral resistance (avoidance) and reduce penetration. After ingestion, resistance mechanisms are involved in excretion or sequestration, detoxification, gene or target site mutation, and cross resistance. These mechanisms increase potential of their resistance to insecticides. The effects of insects that are resistant to insecticides include increasing the amount of insecticides use, residues of toxic substances in ecosystem, and harmful to consumers. Therefore, the guidelines of prevention can be consulted an advisor and local expert for insecticide resistance management; provide information and training to farmers, watch the insect pest population, development of application program on portable device for insecticides in the fieldwork. These resistance management guidelines can help to reduce insecticides resistance.