Phytosterols and bio-active compounds in some rice varieties
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Abstract
The objectives of this study were to quantify phytosterols and bio-active compounds and to determine antioxidant activity in some rice varieties. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with three replications. Six rice varieties including Som Malee, Hom Pimai, Hom Baitoey, Riceberry, Ninsurin and Tubtim Chum Phae were analyzed for phytosterols, vitamin E, anthocyanins, total phenolics and antioxidant activity determined by DPPH method. Significant differences among rice varieties were observed for phytosterols, vitamin E, anthocyanins, total phenolics and antioxidant activity. Campesterol, β-sitosterol and Stigmasterol were found predominantly in rice grains accounting for 69.85, 14.53 and 7.49 % of total phytosterols, respectively. Som Malee, Hom Pimai and Hom Baitoey had the highest total phytosterols, respectively, and they were significantly higher than Riceberry, Ninsurin and Tubtim Chum Phae. γ-tocotrienol contributed to the largest proportion to total vitamin E in rice grain (62.19 %) followed by α-tocotrienol (28.63 %), whereas α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol and β-tocopherol contributed to the smallest proportion of total vitamin E. Som Malee had the highest total vitamin E, which was significantly higher than other rice varieties. Ninsurin, Riceberry and Tubtim Chum Phae had the highest anthocyanin, respectively. Riceberry had the highest antioxidant activity followed by Som Malee, Hom Baitoey, Ninsurin, Tubtim Chum Phae and Hom Pimai, respectively. Differences bio-active compounds contributed to antioxidant activity indifferent rice varieties, and consuming only one rice variety may not provide sufficient bioactive compounds. Therefore, the rice consumption as functional or medicinal food, it is highly recommended to mix brown rice of more than one variety. The mixed brown rice between white and colored rice including Riceberry, Som Malee and Haum Baitoey as multigrain rice is recommended as an excellent option for healthy.
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References
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