Accumulation of heavy metals in rice cultivation areas, Buri Ram Province, Thailand
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Abstract
Heavy metal contamination in rice paddy is a serious problem in many Asian countries. This study aimed to measure the concentrations of heavy metals (copper, manganese, zinc, lead, and cadmium) in rice-growing areas and assess the estimated daily intake (EDI) in Buri Ram Province. Soil samples (62 samples), water samples (57 samples), rice plant samples (62 samples), and rice grain samples (11 samples) were collected throughout Buri Ram Province. The heavy metal concentrations were determined using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS), and the Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) of heavy metals from commonly consumed rice samples in Buri Ram Province was calculated. The results showed significant differences in copper concentration between the irrigated areas and rain-fed areas, with values of 4.258 and 1.963 mg/kg, respectively. The highest concentration of manganese was found in the soil, and the lowest was found in the rice grains. The concentration of lead showed significant differences in soil between irrigated areas and rain-fed areas, with values of 30.85 and 42.794 mg/kg, respectively. However, in rice plants, the highest accumulation of lead was found to be 47.858 and 45.786 mg/kg in irrigated areas and rain-fed areas, respectively. The highest concentration of zinc was found in rice plants, with values of 21.958 and 23.203 mg/kg in irrigated areas and rain-fed areas, respectively. The concentration of cadmium was found to differ significantly between irrigated areas and rain-fed areas in water, with values of 0.0001 and 0.0011 mg/l, respectively. However, in rice grains, the highest accumulation of cadmium was found when compared to soil, water, and rice plants, with values of 0.119 and 0.114 mg/kg in the irrigated areas and rain-fed areas, respectively. Furthermore, based on the EDI assessment, it was found that the values did not exceed the recommended daily dietary allowances (RDI) except for lead, where the EDI value (0.39 mg/day/person) was higher than the RDI value (0.21 mg/day/person). The contamination of heavy metals in rice cultivation areas can arise from multiple sources. Therefore, testing for heavy metal concentrations in rice cultivation areas and regular monitoring of human health risks are necessary.
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References
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