Effects of different bio-extract formulas on the growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in biofloc system
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Abstract
This research aimed to investigate the growth and survival rates of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) using biofloc technology with various groups of microorganisms. The study employed a completely randomized design comprising four sets of experiments, with each experiment repeated three times. The four sets of experiments consisted of the following: In experiment set 1, tilapias were raised under normal conditions (control group); experiment set 2 utilized biofloc technology for tilapia cultivation with naturally fermented effective microorganisms (EM); experiment set 3 utilized biofloc technology for tilapia cultivation with bacillus bacteria; and experiment set 4 utilized biofloc technology for tilapia cultivation with photosynthetic bacteria (PSB). The tilapia, with an average size of 7.68±0.48 g and 6.52±0.40 cm, were raised at a density of 45 fish per square meter in 24x12x15 inch (54 L) tanks. Ready-made food was given to feed them twice a day. Consecutive water quality monitoring was done in different raising forms for a period of six weeks. The results at the end of the experiment showed that raising the tilapia with naturally fermented EM in experiment set 2 yielded the best results. It affected the good growth rate and had a high survival rate (100 %). Additionally, it resulted in a low feed conversion ratio due to the microbial sludge, which comprised 23.43 % protein of dry unit weight. Temperature ranged from 28 to 32 °C, pH from 6.7 to 8.3, alkalinity from 68 to 119 mg/L CaCO3, nitrite from 0 to 0.5 mg/L NO2-N, ammonia from 0 to 0.2 mg/L NH3-N, dissolved oxygen concentrations from 4.0 to 5.0 mg/L, and total suspended solids concentrations from 100 to 500 mg/L, respectively, with no significant differences between the mean values calculated for the control culture. Finally, various kinds of zooplankton, e.g., Moina macrocopa and Brachionus sp., were found in wastewater treatment systems, which can be used as supplementary food for the tilapia. Furthermore, using photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) with naturally fermented EM affected ammonia treatment and helped reduce the frequency of changing the water in the fish tank, thus reducing costs
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References
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