Ionic liquid pretreatment of pineapple leaves under different heating methods for enhanced glucose production
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Abstract
Pineapple leaves, an abundant agricultural residue, are rich in lignocellulosic biomass but limited in bioconversion efficiency due to their high lignin content and crystalline cellulose. This study investigated the pretreatment of pineapple leaves using the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM]OAc) under different heating systems, including a hot air oven, microwave, and hot plate, at 90°C for 3 hours. The results demonstrated that microwave-assisted pretreatment achieved the highest delignification, reducing residual lignin more effectively than the hot air oven and hot plate methods. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a more porous surface morphology after microwave pretreatment, while XRD indicated a significantly lower crystallinity index (22.78 ± 0.03) compared with the hot air oven (27.09 ± 0.10) and hot plate (32.98 ± 0.15). Furthermore, enzymatic hydrolysis of the microwave-pretreated sample resulted in a cellulose-to-glucose conversion yield of 98.06 ± 0.10%, markedly higher than that of the hot air oven (80.01 ± 0.05%) and hot plate (63.92 ± 0.13%). No formation of HMF was detected under any condition, suggesting that the pretreatment was effective without generating inhibitory byproducts. These findings indicate that microwave-assisted ionic liquid pretreatment is a superior strategy for enhancing glucose recovery from pineapple leaves, offering a promising approach for sustainable biofuel and biochemical production.
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