Selection of bacteria with probiotic properties from fish processing wastewater for use as ingredient in Oreochromis niloticus (nile tilapia) feed
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The aim of this research was to select bacteria with probiotic properties from fish processing wastewater and to investigate the effects of using probiotics as an ingredient in feed for Nile tilapia. The isolation and morphological characterization of bacteria including FM7 FM11 and FM12 from fish processing wastewater, found that all isolates could produce protease and amylase enzymes without blood hydrolysis. In addition, all isolates also grow at the pH range of 2.0-10.0, NaCl concentration of 0-10% (w/v), and in fresh sterile bile of Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) in the concentration of 10, 30, and 50% (v/v). The pathogenic inhibition of Aeromonas hydrophila by antagonistic test revealed that only isolate FM11 showed the inhibition zone. The biochemical and molecular identification by VITEK® 2 Compact and 16S rRNA gene sequencing found that isolate FM11 was closely related to Bacillus siamensis KCTC13613 with an identity of 99.77%. The growth measurement of Nile tilapia with 0.3 percent (v/W) probiotic bacteria mixed with feed found that the highest growth was found when culturing Nile tilapia with B. siamensis isolate FM11 with a weight of 2.15 ± 0.13 g/fish/day. The survival rate was 87.50 ± 5.89%. While culturing with feed only, the weight was 0.96 ± 0.11 g/fish/day with a survival rate of 79.17±29.46 with statistical significance (P<0.05). Therefore, Nile tilapia should be fed by the conventional feed together with the bacterial isolate FM11 for promotion of the efficiency of the tilapia feed to increase growth, weight gain, and survival rates, which can replace the sole conventional feed.
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