Temporal Plant-Height and Tillering Responses of Flooded Rice to Azolla and Urea under Pot Conditions

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Kamonchanok Huangmee
Suphannika Intanon
Panisara Thepkusol
Parwat Wijarat
Tepsuda Rungrat
Anupong Wongtamee

Abstract


Azolla-based nutrient management was examined in a completely randomized flooded-rice pot experiment with four treatments (T1, control; T2, urea; T3, Azolla; T4, Azolla plus urea), three independent pots per treatment, and five plant subsamples per pot. Pot-level exact treatment-label permutation sensitivity analyses indicated treatment differences in time-averaged height and tillering and in centered temporal profiles (exact p < 0.05). Final-assessment height means were 42.03, 86.99, 101.33 and 101.92 cm for T1–T4. The investigator confirmed that manually separated, sun-dried filled-grain mass was recorded in g plant⁻¹ and averaged within pots; treatment means were 0.13, 1.40, 3.53 and 3.60 g plant⁻¹. The grain-mass omnibus permutation test gave p = 0.006169, but multiplicity-adjusted pairwise comparisons did not establish superiority. Grain moisture was estimated, not standardized. These pot results do not establish field yield, N equivalence or fertilizer replacement.


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How to Cite
Huangmee, K., Intanon, S., Thepkusol, P., Wijarat, P., Rungrat, T., & Wongtamee, A. (2026). Temporal Plant-Height and Tillering Responses of Flooded Rice to Azolla and Urea under Pot Conditions. Naresuan Agriculture Journal, 23(2). Retrieved from https://li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/aginujournal/article/view/273224
Section
Research Articles

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