การประยุกต์ใช้สารดูดซับร่วมกับบัฟเฟอร์สกัดน้ำคั้นแมลงพาหะเพลี้ยกระโดดสีน้ำตาลเพื่อเพิ่มประสิทธิภาพการตรวจสอบไวรัสใบหงิกข้าวด้วยเทคนิค Dot-Immunobinding Assay

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ฐานัฎ ณ พัทลุง

บทคัดย่อ

โรคใบหงิกข้าวก่อให้เกิดความเสียหายในระดับ 10-100% ในกระบวนการปลูกข้าวบริเวณพื้นที่นาชลประทานภาคกลางและภาคเหนือตอนล่างของประเทศไทย โดยมีสาเหตุจากไวรัสใบหงิกข้าว (Rice ragged stunt virus, RRSV) ที่สามารถถ่ายทอดโรคได้โดยแมลงพาหะเพลี้ยกระโดดสีน้ำตาล (brown planthopper, BPH: Nilaparvata lugens Stål) งานวิจัยนี้ได้ประยุกต์ใช้สารดูดซับร่วมกับสารละลายบัฟเฟอร์สกัดเพื่อลดสิ่งรบกวนชนิดเม็ดสีเมลานินในน้ำคั้นแมลงพาหะ และเพิ่มประสิทธิภาพของวิธีการตรวจสอบไวรัสใบหงิกข้าวด้วยเทคนิค dot-immunobinding assay (DIBA) ผลการวิจัยพบว่า ชนิดสารดูดซับระดับความเข้มข้น 150 มิลลิกรัม/มิลลิลิตร ที่ส่งผลต่อประสิทธิภาพในการลดสิ่งรบกวนในน้ำคั้นแมลงพาหะมากที่สุด ได้แก่ ผงถ่านกัมมันต์ แมกนีเซียมออกไซด์ และอะลูมิเนียมออกไซด์ ตามลำดับ ซึ่งสามารถตรวจพบไวรัสได้ที่ช่วงอัตราการเจือจางสูงสุดของน้ำคั้นแมลงพาหะ ตั้งแต่ระยะเริ่มแรกของการเจริญเติบโตจนถึงระยะตัวเต็มวัย ได้แก่ 1:16-1:512, 1:8-1:512 และ 1:8-1:256 เท่า ตามลำดับ ดังนั้นการประยุกต์ใช้สารดูดซับจึงสามารถเพิ่มความไวและประสิทธิภาพของการตรวจสอบไวรัสใบหงิกข้าวในน้ำคั้นแมลงพาหะได้ ข้อมูลที่ได้จากการวิจัยครั้งนี้จะมีประโยชน์ต่อการนำไปประยุกต์ใช้ในระดับห้องปฏิบัติการไวรัสวิทยา การศึกษาระบาดวิทยาและปฏิสัมพันธ์ของไวรัสใบหงิกข้าวและแมลงพาหะ รวมทั้งการวางแผนดำเนินการ กำหนดนโยบายและการพัฒนายุทธศาสตร์ด้านการอารักขาพืช และการบริหารจัดการไวรัสก่อโรคข้าวและแมลงพาหะได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพและเกิดประสิทธิผลสูงสุดอย่างยั่งยืนในประเทศไทย

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