Growth factors of Trichoderma spp. isolated from durian planting soil and their antagonistic role against root and stem rot pathogens of durian
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Abstract
Four different isolates based on colony characteristic of Trichoderma spp. were isolated from soil samples in durian plantations in Chantaburi and Chumphon provinces using soil dilution plate technique which supporting from Mycology laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University. Based on morphological characteristics, molecular technique and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequencing analysis, four isolates were identified into 4 species as Trichoderma asperellum (DCHA2005), T. harzianum (DCHU1603), T. koningiopsis (DCHA602) and T. virens (DCHU1101). Physiological factor of mycelial growth and chitinase and cellulase activities were examined. All four species of Trichoderma could grow and develop mycelia very well on PDA which incubated at 25°C with mycelial growth diameter at 8.27, 8.83, 6.70 and 9.00 cm, respectively. In addition, T. asperellum (DCHA2005), T. harzianum (DCHU1603) and T. virens (DCHU1101) could dramatically grow at pH 5-7. Whilst T. koningiopsis (DCHA602) showed rapid growth at pH5. The four species showed the greatest response to the media containing glucose and peptone as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. Moreover, it was found that T. harzianum (DCHU1603) significantly produced cellulase with enzyme activity at 0.3630 mg/ml whereas T. koningiopsis (DCHA602) potentially produced chitinase with 19.0272 units/L. Antagonistic interaction between 4 species of Trichoderma and 6 species of fungal pathogens causing root and stem rot of durian was assessed using dual culture technique. The result showed that T. virens (DCHU1101) could retard mycelial growth of Pythium inflatum (DCHU301) and P. cucurbitacearum (DCHU1003) at the inhibitions of 44.81 และ 41.85%, respectively. Whilst T. harzianum (DCHU1603) inhibited mycelial growth of P. inflatum (DCHU301) at the inhibition of 41.11%. Moreover, four species of Trichoderma using this technique did not have high inhibition capacity over isolate of Phytophthora palmivora (DTRA212), absolutely.
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