Ethylene and 1-MCP treatments involved in differential expression of signal transduction and ethylene biosynthesis genes in Dendrobium cut flowers during senescence
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
บทคัดย่อ
Dendrobium orchids represent a significant portion of Thailand’s cut flower exports, with their longevity being influenced by ethylene sensitivity. This research aimed to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of ethylene and its inhibitor, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), on the premature senescence of Dendrobium 'Khao Chaimongkol' cut flowers at different developmental stages. Using a combination of treatments, the inflorescences were treated with 500 nL.L-1 1-MCP, 0.4 µL.L-1 ethylene, and a combination of 500 nL.L-1 1-MCP followed by 0.4 µL.L-1 ethylene. Senescence symptoms and gene expression profiles related to ethylene signaling pathways and ethylene biosynthesis were assessed in both floral buds and open florets, for five days. The results indicated that ethylene-treated inflorescences rapidly displayed senescence symptoms, with the first visible signs being venation followed by drooping within a day. Exogenous ethylene triggered the upregulation of ethylene receptors ERS1, signal transduction genes CTR1, EIL1, and ERF1, and stimulated the expression of ACS1 and ACO1 genes responsible for ethylene production in floral buds. In contrast, in open florets, exogenous ethylene upregulated ERS1, CTR1, and ACO1 expression but did not induce EIL1, ERF1, and ACS1. Consequently, floral buds exhibited more pronounced premature senescence compared to open florets. This differential response indicated distinct effects of exogenous ethylene on ethylene signaling transduction between floral buds and open florets. Conversely, the application of 1-MCP led to competitive binding of ethylene receptors, resulting in the suppression of ERS1, CTR1, EIL1, ERF1, and ACO1 expression in floral buds. In open florets, however, 1-MCP did not suppress the expression of EIL1, ERF1, and ACS1. Consequently, premature senescence was inhibited in both floral buds and open florets. This differential response indicated distinct mechanism effects of ethylene and 1-MCP on ethylene signaling pathway across the differential sensitivity of floral tissues and developmental stages to ethylene.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Almasi, P., and M.T.M. Mohamed. 2020. Ethylene sensitivity in orchid flowers and its management using 1-MCP: A review. Fundamental and Applied Agriculture. 5(1): 10-20.
Alonso, J.M., A.N. Stepanova, R. Solano, E. Wisman, S. Ferrari, F.M. Ausubel, and J.R. Ecker. 2003. Five components of the ethylene-response pathway identified in a screen for weak ethylene-insensitive mutants in Arabidopsis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 100(5): 2992-2997.
Arditti, J. 1979. Aspects of the physiology of orchids. In Woolhouse, H. (Ed.), Advances in Botanical Research, Academic Press, London, 7: 422–655.
Arditti, J., D.C. Jeffrey, and B.H. Flick. 1971. Post-pollination phenomena in orchid flowers. New Phytologist. 70: 1125–1141.
Arditti, J., N.M. Hogan, and A.V. Chadwick. 1973. Post-pollination phenomena in orchid flowers. IV. Effects of ethylene. American Journal of Botany. 60: 833-888.
Attri, L.K., H. Nayyar, R.K. Bhanwra, and A. Pehwal. 2008. Pollination-induced oxidative stress in floral organs of Cymbidium pendulum (Roxb.) Sw. and Cymbidium aloifolium (L.) Sw. (Orchidaceae): a biochemical investigation. Scientia Horticulturae. 116: 311–317.
Binder, B.M. 2020. Ethylene signaling in plants. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 295: 7710–7725.
Blankenship, S.M., and J.M. Dole. 2003. 1-Methylcyclopropene: a review. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 28: 1-25.
Bunya-atichart, K., S. Ketsa, and W.G. van Doorn. 2006. High floral bud abscission and lack of open flower abscission in Dendrobium cv. Miss Teen: rapid reduction of ethylene sensitivity in the abscission zone. Functional Plant Biology. 33: 539-546.
Burg, S.P., and E.A. Burg. 1967. Molecular requirements for the biological activity of ethylene. Plant Physiology. 4: 144-152.
Burg, S.P., and M.J. Dijkman. 1967. Ethylene and auxin participation in pollen induced fading of Vanda orchid blossoms. Plant Physiology. 42: 1648–1650.
Clark, K.L., P.B. Larsen, X. Wang, and C. Chang. 1998. Association of the Arabidopsis CTR1 Raf-like kinase with the ETR1 and ERS ethylene receptors. In Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 95: 5401-5406.
Chang, C., S.F. Kwok, A.B. Bleecker, and E.M. Meyerowitz. 1993. Arabidopsis ethylene-response gene ETR1: similarity of product to two-component regulators. Science. 262: 539-544.
Dervinis, C., D.G. Clark, J.E. Barrett, and T.A. Nell. 2000. Effect of pollination and exogenous ethylene on accumulation of ETR1 homologue transcripts during flower petal abscission in geranium (Pelagonium x hortorum L.H. Bailey). Plant Molecular Biology. 42: 847-856.
Ecker, J.R. 1995. The ethylene signal transduction pathway in plants. Science. 268: 667-674.
Favero, B.T., E. Poimenopoulou, M. Himmelboe, T. Stergiou, R. Müller, and H. Lütken. 2016. Efficiency of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment after ethylene exposure of mini-Phalaenopsis. Scientia Horticulturae. 211: 53-59.
Guo, H., and J.R. Ecker. 2003. Plant responses to ethylene gas are mediated by SCFEBF1/EBF2-dependent proteolysis of EIN3 transcription factor. Cell. 115: 667-677.
Guo, H., and J.R. Ecker. 2004. The ethylene signaling pathway: new insights. Plant Biology. 7: 40-49.
Ha, S.T.T, J-H Lim, and B-C. In. 2019. Differential expression of ethylene signaling and biosynthesis genes in floral organs between ethylene-sensitive and insensitive rose cultivars. Horticultural Science and Technology. 37(2): 227-237.
Huang, W.F., P.L. Huang, and Y.Y. Do. 2007. Ethylene receptor transcript accumulation patterns during flower senescence in Oncidium ‘Gower Ramsey’ as affected by exogenous ethylene and pollinia cap dislodgment. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 44: 87-94.
Imsabai, W., S. Ketsa, and W.G. van Doorn. 2010. Role of ethylene in the lack of floral opening and in petal blackening of cut lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) flowers. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 58: 57-64.
Jones, M.L. 2003. Ethylene biosynthesis genes are differentially regulated by ethylene and ACC in carnation styles. Plant Growth Regulation. 40: 129-138.
Ketsa, S., and A. Rugkong. 2000. Ethylene production senescence and ethylene sensitivity Dendrobium ‘Pompadour’ flowers following pollination. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology. 75: 149-153.
Ketsa, S., and N. Uthaichay. 2012. Effect of 1-MCP on senescence of Dendrobium flowers in simulated shipment for export. Acta Horticulturae. 375-380.
Ketsa, S., and W.G. van Doorn. 2009. Postharvest physiology of Dendrobium flowers, In: Benkeblia, N. (Ed.), Postharvest Technology for Horticultural Crops. Research Signpost Publisher, Kerala. 197-228.
Kirasak, K., S. Kunyamee, and S. Ketsa. 2023. 1-MCP prevents ultrastructural changes in the organelles of Dendrobium petals that are induced by exogenous ethylene. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 200(107758): 1-14.
Kuroda, S., Y. Hirose, M. Shiraishi, E. Davies, and S. Abe. 2004. Co-expression of an ethylene receptor gene. ERS1, and ethylene signaling regulator genes. CTR1 in Delphinium during abscission of florets. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 42: 745-751.
Lerslerwong, L., and S. Ketsa. 2008. Autocatalytic ethylene production by Dendrobium flowers during senescence induced by exogenous ethylene. Thai Journal of Agricultural Science. 41: 91-99.
Lerslerwong, L., S. Ketsa, and W.G. van Doorn. 2009. Protein degradation and peptidase activity during senescence in Dendrobium cv. Khao Sanan. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 52: 84-90.
Lorenzo, O., R. Piqueras, J. J. Sánchez-Serrano, and R. Solano. 2003. ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR1 integrates signals from ethylene and jasmonate pathways in plant defense. The Plant Cell. 15(1): 165-178.
Ma, N., H. Tan, X. Liu, J. Xue, Y. Li, and J. Gao. 2006. Transcriptional regulation of ethylene receptor and CTR genes involved in ethylene-induced flower opening in cut rose (Rosa Hybrida) cv. Samantha. Journal of Experimental Botany. 57: 2763-2773.
Naing, A.H., N.M. Win, S.Y. Kyu, I.K. Kang, and C.K. Kim. 2022. Current progress in application of 1-Methylcyclopropene to improve postharvest quality of cut flowers. Horticultural Plant Journal. 8(6): 676-688.
O'Neill, S. D. 1997. Pollination regulation of flower development. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology. 48: 547-574.
Phetsirikoon, S., R. E. Paull, N. Chen, and S. Ketsa. 2016. Increased hydrolase gene expression and hydrolase activity in the abscission zone involved in chilling-induced abscission of Dendrobium flowers. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 117: 217-229.
Reid, M. S., and M. J. Wu. 1992. Ethylene and flower senescence. Plant Growth Regulation. 11: 37-43.
Rungruchkanont, K., S. Ketsa, O. Chatchawankanphanich, and W.G. van Doorn. 2007. Endogenous auxin regulates the sensitivity of Dendrobium (cv. Miss Teen) flower pedicel abscission to ethylene. Functional Plant Biology. 34: 885-894.
Serek, M., and E.C. Sisler. 2005. Impact of 1-MCP on postharvest quality of ornamentals. In Proceeding of the APEC Symposium 2004: Quality Management of Postharvest System Proceedings. pp. 121-128.
Serek, M., E.C. Sisler, and M.S. Reid. 1994. Novel gaseous ethylene binding inhibitor prevents ethylene effects on potted flowering plants. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 119: 1230-1233.
Solano, R., A. Stepanova, Q. Chao, and J.R. Ecker. 1998. Nuclear events in ethylene signaling: a transcriptional cascade mediated by ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3 and ETHYLENE-RESPONSE-FACTOR1. Genes and Development. 12: 3703-3714.
Sukhotu, R., and S. Ketsa. 2005. Effect of 1-methylcyclopropene on physiological changes of Dendrobium flowers following pollination. Proceedings of the 3rd postharvest and post production technology conference. Thailand Research Fund, Bangkok (Thailand).
Thanomchit, K., W. Imsabai, P. Burns, P.A. McAtee, R.J. Schaffer, A.C. Allan, and S. Ketsa. 2022. Differential expression of ethylene biosynthetic and receptor genes in pollination-induced senescence of Dendrobium florets. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 188: 38-46.
Thongkum, M., A. Bhunchoth, N. Warin, O. Chatchawankanphanich, and P. Burns. 2009. Cloning and expression of ethylene response sensor 1 (Den-ERS1) gene of Dendrobium ‘Pompadour’ flower during development and senescence. Thai Journal of Agricultural Science. 42: 227-236.
Thongkum, M., P. Burns, A. Bhunchoth, N. Warin, O. Chatchawankanphanich, and W.G. van Doorn. 2015. Ethylene and pollination decrease transcript abundance of an ethylene receptor gene in Dendrobium petals. Journal of Plant Physiology. 176: 96-100.
van Doorn, W.G. 1997. Effects of pollination on floral attraction and longevity. Journal of Experimental Botany. 48: 1615–1622.
van Doorn, W. G. 2001. Categories of petal senescence and abscission: A re-evaluation. Annals of Botany. 87: 447-456.
van Doorn, W.G., P.A. Balk, A.M. van Houwelingen, F.A. Hoeberichts, R.D. Hall, O. Vorst, C. van der Schoot, and M.F. van Wordragen. 2003. Gene expression during anthesis and senescence in Iris flowers. Plant Molecular Biology. 53: 845–863.
van Doorn, W.G., and S. Ketsa. 2021. Pollination-induced changes in the morphology and physiology of Dendrobium orchid flowers prior to fertilization: the roles of ethylene and auxin. Horticultural Reviews. 48: 1–36.
Uthaichay, N., S. Ketsa, and W.G. van Doorn. 2007. 1-MCP pretreatment prevents bud and flower abscission in Dendrobium orchids. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 43: 374-380.
Woltering, E.J., and W.G. Van Doorn. 1988. Role of ethylene in senescence of petals morphological and taxonomical relationships. Journal of Experimental Botany. 39: 1605-1616.
Wongjunta, M., C. Wong-Aree, S. Salim, S. Meir, S. Philosoph-Hadas, and M. Buanong. 2021. Involvement of ethylene in physiological processes determining the vase life of various hybrids of Mokara orchid cut flowers. Agronomy. 11: 1-16.