Effect of Burma mahogany (Pentace burmanica Kurz) bark fermented juice on sex ratio and survival rate of Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens)

Abstract

This research aims to investigate the effect of Burma mahogany (Pentace burmanica Kurz) bark fermented juice on the growth, sex ratio, and survival rate of Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens). A completely randomized design (CRD) was employed, with 6 experimental sets. These sets used fermented juice from the bark of Burmese mahogany with varying ratios: 0 (control), 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, and 2.00 g/l. Each experimental set was replicated three times and conducted over a period of 60 days. It was found that the fermented juice made from the bark of Burma mahogany did not significantly affect the growth of Siamese fighting fish (P>0.05). However, there was a significant effect on the sex ratio (P<0.01). At 0.25 g/l, the highest proportion of males (68.95±8.67%) was observed, which was higher than the control (62.01±8.67%). However, as the concentration increased at the ratios of 0.50 and 0.75 g/l, there was a tendency towards a higher proportion of females compared to males, at 57.07±7.87% and 81.95±8.62%, respectively. At 1.00 and 2.00 g/l, all the fish were females (100%). Survival rates were not significantly different among all the experimental sets (P>0.05). At 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 g/l, the survival rates of 99.33±0.58% were observed. Survival rates at 0.25 and 2.00 g/l were 98.67±0.58 and 98.67±1.15%, respectively, which were higher than the survival rate of the control (98.00±1.00%). Water quality analysis revealed that as the concentration of the fermented juice made from the bark of Burma mahogany increased, the pH level became more acidic (6.25-7.05) compared to the control (7.63). The alkalinity of the water was also lower (85 mg/l as CaCO3) compared to the control (200 mg/l as CaCO3). In conclusion, the fermented juice made from the bark of Burma mahogany does not affect the growth and survival rate of Siamese fighting fish.