Responses of glutinous rice to water-saving production by alternate wetting and drying technique on physiological and agronomical characteristics in the Northeast of Thailand
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The effect of water supply under alternate wetting and drying practice (AWD) on physiological and agronomical characteristics of glutinous rice was investigated in this study. The experiment was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture, Ubon Ratchathani University during 2021-2022. The experimental design was a 4 x 2 Factorial in completely randomized design (CRD) with 2 factors. Factor A consisted of 4 regimes of water: Continuously flooding (CF) (control), alternate wetting and drying of AWD15, AWD25 and AWD35 where re-flooding was performed when the below-ground water level at 15, 25 and 35 cm, respectively. Factor B comprised of 2 varieties of glutinous rice, Leenok (a local variety) and RD22 (a modern variety). Results showed that the height of the rice plants grown under AWD15 and AWD25 was higher than that of AWD35 at 60 DAT, whereas the highest tiller number per hill of the rice plants grown under AWD25 was found compared with the CF. The rice plants under AWD35 showed longer root length and root to shoot ratio than CF. While, the root dry weight was the lowest. The photosynthetic rate (A) was highest in the rice plants under CF and lowest under AWD35 condition. No significant difference among the treatments was observed for the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), transpiration rate (E), sub-stomatal CO2 concentration (Ci) and the stomatal conductance (Gs). Lower leaf chlorophyll contents were observed for the rice plants under AWD25 and AWD35 compared to CF and AWD15, while the carotenoid content was highest under AWD35. Also, Leeknok had a lower plant height, but a greater number of tillers than RD22. However, there was no significant difference in the physiological responses of both varieties. Results suggested that the water regime at AWD25 seemed to accommodate growth and physiological responses of the glutinous rice better than CF
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