The potential of nano-zinc oxide and crude herbal extracts for inhibition of Pseudoperonospora cubensis
Keywords:
Downy mildew, Antifungal activity, Zinc oxide nanoparticles, Crude herbal extractsAbstract
This research aimed to synthesize and study the antifungal activity against Pseudoperonospora cubensis, the cause of downy mildew in melons, which significantly damages the yield, using nano zinc oxide calcined at 300°C and 500°C and four types of crude herbal extracts: garlic, galangal, turmeric, and fingerroot. Results of the specific characteristics analysis of nano zinc oxide using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) techniques were provided. It was shown that nano zinc oxide has a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure, with an average particle size of 32.02±4.06 and 48.18±10.02 nm, respectively. The antifungal activity showed that nano zinc oxide inhibited fungal growth by 63.09±0.18% and 59.73±1.40%, respectively. Among the crude plant extracts, the fingerroot extract exhibited the highest antifungal efficacy, inhibiting fungal growth by 55.57±2.11%. The combination of nano zinc oxide calcined at 300°C and fingerroot extract at a ratio of 1:5 with a concentration of 3,000 µg/mL inhibited fungal growth by 81.74±1.12%. These findings demonstrate that synthesizing nano zinc oxide combined with fingerroot extract significantly enhances the inhibition of Pseudoperonospora cubensis, providing a promising approach for controlling downy mildew in melons
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