The Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Growth, Morphological Characteristics and Curcumin Content of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)
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Abstract
The study investigates the effect of gamma irradiation on germination and survival percentage of rhizome shoot after 8 weeks of exposure. The gamma ray at 0 to 200 Gray doses was emitted from the Cobalt-60 source at Applied Physics Program, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiangmai, Thailand. The results showed that dosages of gamma radiation to obtain lethal dose 50 (LD50), base on survival percentage was 50.24 Gray. After that, the effect of gamma rays on growth, morphological characteristics and curcumin content of Curcuma longa rhizomes treated with gamma rays at eleven different dosages (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 Gray) were studies at Maejo University Farm, Chiangmai, Thailand, during the period from 2018 to 2019. The results showed that the gamma more than 10 Gray dose decreased the pseudostem height and number of shoots, more than 35 Gray doses decreased leaf length. The highest average number of leaves obtained by 0, 20 and 30 Gray doses. The rhizome harvested after 32 weeks of exposure showed the rays more than 40 Gray doses decreased rhizome fresh weight, more than 50 Gray doses decreased the dry weight and more than 30 Gray doses decreased curcumin content. In addition, the results showed that all doses caused some morphological variations such as dwarfism character, leaf chlorosis, twisted leaf margin, wrinkled leaves, abnormal storage roots and small size of rhizome.
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References
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