การใช้ประโยชน์ข้าวโพดด้านอาหารสัตว์ในพื้นที่สูงเขตภาคเหนือของประเทศเวียตนาม
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ก.ค. 23, 2020
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ข้าวโพด การใช้ประโยชน์ อาหารสัตว์ พื้นที่สูงเขตภาคเหนือของประเทศเวียตนาม
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บทคัดย่อ
ในประเทศเวียตนามข้าวโพด (Zea Mays Linnaeus) จัดเป็นพืชอาหารที่มีความสำคัญเป็นอันดับสองรองจากข้าว ซึ่งมีการผลิตในหกภูมิภาคเกษตรกรรมหลักที่สำคัญอันได้แก่ ภูมิภาคพื้นที่สูงทางตอนเหนือของประเทศสามเหลี่ยมปากแม่น้ำแดง ภูมิภาคชายฝั่งตอนกลางภูมิภาคที่ราบสูงตอนกลางภูมิภาคตะวันออกเฉียงใต้และสามเหลี่ยมปากแม่น้ำโขง โดยที่พื้นที่สูงเขตภาคเหนือของประเทศเป็นแหล่งผลิตข้าวโพดชั้นนำมีผลผลิตสูงถึง 1,844,000 ตัน ในขณะที่ผลผลิตทั่วทั้งประเทศในปี 2012 มีอยู่ที่ 4,973,600 ตัน จากผลผลิตข้าวโพดดังกล่าวไม่เพียงส่งผลต่อการบริโภคและการดำรงชีวิตของประชากรหากแต่ยังใช้เป็นวัตถุดิบอาหารสัตว์ในประเทศเวียตนามด้วย โดยเมื่อไม่นานมานี้มีการศึกษาจำนวนมากที่มุ่งเน้นการแสวงหา และการใช้ประโยชน์จากวัตถุดิบที่มีอยู่ในท้องถิ่น เช่น ข้าวโพด เพื่อใช้ในอุตสาหกรรมการเลี้ยงสัตว์มากขึ้นโดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งเพื่อเป็นวัตถุดิบอาหารสัตว์ โดยจากผลการศึกษาพบว่ามีความเป็นไปได้ที่จะนำมาใช้เพื่อเป็นวัตถุดิบอาหารสัตว์ เนื่องจากสามารถหาได้ง่ายในท้องถิ่นและมีราคาย่อมเยา โดยบทความนี้จะรวบรวมงานวิจัยและการศึกษาต่าง ๆ ที่ครอบคลุมเกี่ยวกับผลผลิตข้าวโพดในพื้นที่สูงเขตภาคเหนือของประเทศเวียตนาม ต่อการนำมาใช้ประโยชน์ในด้านอาหารสัตว์
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References
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Cheng Z. J. and R. W. Hardy. 2002. Effect of microbial phytase on apparent nutrient digestibility of barley, canola meal, wheat and wheat middlings, measured in vivo using rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture Nutrition 8(4): 271-277.
Chiou, J. Y. and C. Ogino. 1975. Digestibility of starch in carp. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries 41(4): 465-466.
Christopher, R. D., R. L. Paliwal and R. P. Cantrell. 1966. The maize plant and its uses. In: Maize in the Third World. United States of America, 17-34.
Da, C. T., T. Lundh and J. E. Lindberg. 2012. Evaluation of local feed resources as alternatives to fish meal in terms of growth performance, feed utilization and biological indices of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) fingerlings. Aquaculture 364-365: 150-156.
Dao, D. H., T. B. Vu, T. A. Dao and J. F. Le Coq. 2002. Maize commodity chain in Northern area of Vietnam. Proceedings of the international conference '2010 Trends of Animal Production in Vietnam', October 24 - 25, 2002, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Dao, T., T. Vu, D. Dao, V. Hoang, K. Dang, S. Ngo, D. Dang and T. Pham. 2005. Impact Study of the Integration Process on Maize Production, Consumption and Livelihoods of the Poor in Vietnam. In R. f. t. r. p. I. o. E. I. o. M.-b. L. o. P. Vietnamese” (Ed.). Viet Nam Agricultural Science and Technology Institute (VASI), Agricultural Systems Department (ASD).
Dongmeza, E. B., G. Francis, S. Steinbronn, U. Focken and K. Becker. 2010. Investigations on the digestibility and metabolizability of the major nutrients and energy of maize leaves and barnyard grass in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodonidella). Aquaculture Nutrition 16(3): 313-326.
Dongmeza, E., S. Steinbronn, G. Francis, U. Focken and K. Becker. 2009. Investigations on the nutrient and anti-nutrient content of typical plants used as fish feed in small scale aquaculture in the mountainous regions of Northern Vietnam. Animal Feed Science and Technology 149(1-2): 162-178.
FAO. 1992. Maize in human nutrition. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. Accessed April 2015. Available from: http://www.fao.org/docrep/T0395E/T0395E00.htm#Contents.
FAO. 2005. Assessing the contribution of aquaculture to food security: a survey of methodologies. FAO Fisheries Circular. No. 1010. Rome, FAO. 2005. 25pp.
Feng, D. 2012. Agricultural Research for Development at CAAS. Roundtable Consultation on Agricultural Extension. Beijing, March 15-17, 2012.
Gatlin, D. M., F. T. Barrows, P. Brown, K. Dabrowski, T. G. Gaylord, R. W. Hardy, E. Herman, G. Hu, A. Krogdahl, R. Nelson, K. Overturf, M. Rust, W. Sealey, D. Skonberg, E. J. Souza, D. Stone, R. Wilson and E. Wurtele. 2007. Expanding the utilization of sustainable plant products in aquafeeds: a review. Aquaculture Research 38(6): 551-579.
Gerpacio, R. V. (ed.). 2001. Impact of public- and private-sector maize breeding research in Asia, 1966-1997/98. Mexico, D.F.: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT).
Glencross, B. D., M. Booth and G. L. Allan. 2007. A feed is only as good as its ingredients - a review of ingredient evaluation strategies for aquaculture feeds. Aquaculture Nutrition 13(1): 17-34.
Glencross, B., J. Curnow and W. Hawkins. 2003. Evaluation of the variability in chemical composition and digestibility of different lupin (Lupinusangus tifolius) kernel meals when fed to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Animal Feed Science and Technology 107(1-4): 117-128.
GSO. 2012. Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery Statistics. Vietnamese General Statistic Office. http://gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=717, citied in April, 2015.
Ha, D. T., T. Dinh Thao, N. Tri Khiem, M. Xuan Trieu, R. V. Gerpacio, and P. L. Pingali. 2004. Maize in Vietnam: Production Systems, Constraints, and Research Priorities. Mexico, D.F.: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT).
Hertrampf, J. W. and F. Piedad-Pascual. 2000. Handbook on Ingredients for Aquaculture Feeds. The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers. 573 pp.
Hong, N. T. L., B. Q. Tuan and D. T. Nhung. 2003. Determination of suitable energy and protein levels for weaned pigs in Northern Viet Nam. Journal of Science and Development (Vietnam National University of Agriculture) 1(3).
Hung, T. Q., T. T. N. Thu and M. Seel-audom. 2015a. Effect of rice bran replacement by corn meal on growth, feed utilization of black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus). In: The 53rd Kasetsart University Annual Conference “Smart Agriculture - The Future of Thailand, Bangkok, 3-6 Feb 2015.
Hung, T. Q., M. Seel-audom and T. T. N. Thu. 2015b. Apparent digestibility coefficients of feed ingredients for black carp, Mylopharyngodon piceus. Chiang Mai University Journal of Natural Science 14(3): 285-298.
Huyen, L. T. T., D. D. Trung, R. Setianingrum, A. Markemann and Valle Zárate. 2012. Can production of Yellow cattle on small farms in the northern highlands of Vietnam be improved through feeding management? Paper presented at the International Scientific Conference "Sustainable Land Use and Rural Development in Mountain Areas". University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany. 16-18 April 2012.
Huyen, L. T. T., P. Herold and A. V. Zarate. 2010. Farm types for beef production and their economic success in a mountainous province of northern Vietnam. Agricultural Systems 103(3): 137-145.
ICEM. 2015. International Centre for Environmental Management. Available at http://icem.com.au/, cited in April 2015.
James, C. S. 1995. Analytical Chemistry of Foods. Blackie Academic and Professional, London 207-219.
John, H. M. and H. L. Warren. 1967. Pasture and pasturage. In: Principle of Field Crop Production 257-258.
Keil, A., C. Saint-Macary and M. Zeller. 2008. Maize boom in the uplands of Northern Vietnam: economic importance and environmental implications. Discussion Paper No 4/2008. Research in Development Economics and Policy. Stuttgart, Germany: GrauerVerlag.
Khoi, B. H., L. D. Dien, R. Lásztity and A. Salgó. 1987. The protein and the amino acid composition of some rice and maize varieties grown in North Vietnam. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 39(2): 137-143.
Kim, B. G., G. I. Petersen, R. B. Hinson, G. L. Allee and H. H. Stein. 2009. Amino acid digestibility and energy concentration in a novel source of high-protein distillers dried grains and their effects on growth performance of pigs. Journal of Animal Science 87(12): 4013-4021.
Kurilich, A. C. and J. A. Juvik. 1999. Quantification of carotenoid and tocopherol antioxidants in Zea mays. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 47(5):1948-1955.
Law, A. T. 1986. Digestibility of low-cost ingredients in pelleted feed by grass carp (Ctenopharyngodonidellus). Aquaculture 51(2): 97-103.
Martin, C., J. -C. Castella, H. L. Anh, Y. Eguienta and T. T. Hieu. 2004. A participatory simulation to facilitate farmers' adoption of livestock feeding systems based on conservation agriculture in the uplands of Northern Vietnam. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 2(2): 118-132.
Masagounder, K., J. D. Firman, R. S. Hayward, S. Sun and P. B. Brown. 2009. Apparent digestibilities of common feedstuffs for bluegill, Lepomismacrochirus and largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides using individual test ingredients. Aquaculture Nutrition 15(1): 29-37.
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