Factors Affecting Anthocyanins Extracted from Dried Kernels of Purple Waxy Corn Using Subcritical Water Extraction Technique and Antioxidant Activity of Extract
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Total monomeric anthocyanins extraction from dried kernels of purple waxy corn using subcritical water extraction technique was investigated. The results showed that extraction factors were weight ratios of the dried kernel of purple waxy corn to water (1:2, 1:3, 1:5, 1:6 and 1:9), extraction temperatures (65, 80, 100 and 120 ºC) and extraction times (15, 30, 45 and 60 min) which had affected the total monomeric anthocyanin concentration. The total monomeric anthocyanin concentration increased when the weight ratio of the dried kernel of purple waxy corn to water changed from 1:2 to 1:3 and extraction temperature increased from 65 to 100 ºC. The concentration of the total monomeric anthocyanins obtained was higher than that obtained when the weight ratios of the dried kernel of purple waxy corn to water were 1:5, 1:6 and 1:9, respectively at the extraction temperature of 120 ºC. For the extraction times of 15, 30 and 45 min, there were no significant differences (P<0.05) between the concentrations of the total monomeric anthocyanins in the extracts. These concentrations were higher than the concentration obtained at the extraction time of 60 min. This research found that the high average concentration of the total monomeric anthocyanins was approximately 374.70 ± 6.96 milligrams of cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents per liter of extract which obtained under the following extraction condition: the weight ratio of the dried kernel of purple waxy corn to water 1:3, the extraction temperature of 100 ºC and the extraction time of 15 min. Furthermore acidic condition (indicated with pH level) and time of storage. on the extract product had affected on anthocyanin stability. The total monomeric anthocyanin concentration at lower pH level and shorter storage time was more stable than that at higher pH level and longer storage time. In the addition, the concentration of dried kernel extract obtained from the extraction condition (the weight ratio of the dried kernel of purple waxy corn to water 1:3, the extraction temperature of 100 ºC and the extraction time of 15 min) had the antioxidant activity to inhibit 50% of DPPH radical (IC50 value) was 10.9 milligrams per milliliter of extract. The DPPH IC50 value of the extract was 7.27 times less than that of the standard ascorbic acid solution.
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