MINERAL NUTRITION OF RUMINANT IN THAILAND
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Abstract
The reports on mineral content of forages available in different parts of Thailand, as well as mineral concentration in animal serum and in soil were compiled. In addition, commercial mineral mixtures were analysed, while the studies on mineral supplement were reviewed. Although high fluctuation was found among reports, it seemed that Na, Ca, P, Cu, Zn and Se were insufficient to meet the requirement of ruminant animals. The concentration of major minerals in serum of cattle, buffaloes, and sheep reported by most authors were 9-13 mg Ca, 4-6 mg P, 9-12 mg K, 250-320 mg Na and 1.8-25 mg Mg in 100 ml serum. Some authors concluded that the concentration of major and trace minerals in serum was in a normal range although grass samples were low in Ca and P. Peat soil which is the major soil type in the South was low in Mo. No correlation between the mineral content in soil and in serum of cattle and buffaloes was found. Mineral mixtures, commercially supplied in block or powder form, varied widely in their concentration. Some products were composed of major and trace elements in considerable amounts, while others were mainly salt.
The supplement of minerals to ruminants, especially in the dry season had positive effects on weight gain and reproductive performances. However, no effect of the supplement was found in mineral concentration of blood serum. When different sources of Ca and P were compared, it was reported that bone meal was superior to DCP in supporting higher weight gain, a better feed conversion ratio and the mineral retention of lambs.
The research priority suggested by authors was to survey the potential areas of mineral defficiency or toxicity, mineral availability and the alleviation of mineral deficiency or imbalance problems.
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References
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