Assessing Soil Erosion and Nutrient Losses Under Soil and Water Conservation Measures in Maize Plantation, Khao Suan Kwang District, Khon Kaen Province
Article Sidebar
Published:
Sep 20, 2019
Keywords:
Erosion soil conservation economic value maize upland soil
Main Article Content
Abstract
A study on assessing erosion and nutrient losses under soil and water conservation measures in maize plantation of Khao Suan Kwang, Khon Kaen. The experiment was randomized complete block design with 4 replications and 7 treatments. The results revealed that among treatments were no significant differences in bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity of soils. The application of chemical fertilizer based on soil analysis with soybean, vetiver grass and mycorrhiza treatment was highest available water capacity of soil (14.92%). While the lowest value was obtained from farmer's practice (7.49%). The application of chemical fertilizer based on soil analysis with soybean, vetiver grass and mycorrhiza treatment induced lowest runoff (22.75 m3/rai), sediment (0.15 ton/rai) and nutrient losses (N = 0.011 P = 0.0039 and K = 0.0046 kg/rai). For economic value of soil erosion by water, the farmer's practice treatment had highest costs of erosion based on nutrient losses (21.98 baht/rai/growing season). The application of chemical fertilizer based on soil analysis with soybean, vetiver grass and mycorrhiza treatment gave highest weight of ear (668.42 kg/rai), husks (117.33 kg/rai), cobs (88.89 kg/rai) and grains of maize (579.11 kg/rai). While the farmer practice tended to give the lowest of yield. Additionally, the application of chemical fertilizer based on soil analysis with soybean, vetiver grass and mycorrhiza treatment gave the highest concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in stems (1.83, 0.26 and 0.41%), leaves (1.16, 0.34 and 0.55%), husks (0.55, 0.34 and 0.31%), cobs (0.93, 0.18 and 0.35%) and grains of maize (1.47, 0.84 and 0.33%). Besides, the chemical fertilizer application based on soil analysis with soil and water conservation measures had the effect on increasing of organic matter and plant nutrient availability of the soil with compared to farmer practice. Therefore, maize plantations under soil and water conservation measures are suitable systems which can reduce erosion and also the losses of nutrients by erosion in the upland maize plantation.
Article Details
Section
Research Articles
References
Anecksamphant, C., S. Boonchee, P. Inthapan and U. Taejajai. 1994. Management of sloping land for sustainable agriculture in northern Thailand. Progress Report ASIALAND Network Phase II (1992-1994). Land Development Department, Bangkok.
Babalola, O., S.O. Oshunsanya and K. Are. 2005. Continuous cultivation of maize under vetiver grass strip management; runoff, soil loss, nutrient losses and maize yields. Ibadan Journal of Agricultural Research 2: 16-26.
Bedini, S., E. Pellegrino, L. Avio, S. Pellegrini, P. Bazzoffi, E. Argese and M. Giovannetti. 2009. Changes in soil aggregation and glomalin-related soil protein content as affected by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 41: 1491-1496.
Bertol, I.B., E.L. Mello, J.C. Guadagnin, A.L.V. Zaparolli and M.R. Carrafa. 2003. Nutrient losses by water erosion. Scientia Agricola 60: 581-586.
Brady, N.C. and R.R. Weil. 2008. The Nature and Properties of Soil. 14th ed. Pearson, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
Cerdá, A. 2007. Soil water erosion on road embankments in eastern Spain. Science of the Total Environment 378: 151-155.
Department of Agriculture. 2005. Recommendation of fertilizer application for economic crops. pp. 21-24. In: Paper No.8/2005. Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Ekasing, B., P. Gypmantasiri and K. Thong-ngam. 2001. Assess potentials, alternatives and needs of maize farmer in major maize growing areas of Thailand 2000. The Multiple Cropping Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai. (in Thai)
Greenfield, J.C. 1990. Vetiver Grass (Vetiveria spp.): The Ideal Plant for Vegetative Soil and Moisture Conservation. Asia Technical Department, Agriculture Division, World Bank, Washington, D.C.
Grimshaw, R.G. 1993. The Role of Vetiver Grass in Sustaining Agricultural Productivity. Asia Technical Department, World Bank, Washington, D.C.
Havlin, J.L., J.D. Beaton, S.L. Tisdale and W.L. Nelson. 2005. Soil Fertility and Fertilizers: An Introduction to Nutrient Management. 7th ed. Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
Hidayat, Y. K., Murtilaksono and N. Sinukaban. 2012. Characterization of surface runoff, soil erosion and nutrient loss on forest-agriculture landscape. Journal of Tropical Soils 17: 259-266.
Kaewkunya, C., A. Yubonwat, A. Muktawat, S. Pholpharit and O. Yonpim. 2018. Effects of intercropping on the performance of corn and cowpea grown on lateritic soil. Khon Kaen Agriculture Journal 46 (Supplement Issue 1): 405-411. (in Thai)
Kang, B.T., G.F. Wilson and L. Sipkens. 1981. Alley cropping maize (Zea mays L.) and leucaena (Leuceana leucocephala Lam) in southern Nigeria. Plant and Soil 63: 165-179.
Kasivivat, A., C. La-ied and S. Boonpradub. 2004. Study on Corn-based cropping system on sloping lands in Phetchabun province. Office of Agricultural Research and Development Region 2, Phetchabun. (in Thai)
Khamkajorn, T. 2015. Assessing erosion and nutrient losses under soil and water conservation measures in upland rubber plantation: A case study Wang Thong District, Phisanulok Province. M.S. Thesis. Naresuan University, Phisanulok. 93 p. (in Thai)
Kittiwirote, K. and T. Kongkaew. 2007. Soil erosion, nutrient balance and economic value of various soil and water conservation methods and farmer’s perspective after transfer the knowledge of soil and Water conservation systems. Khon Kaen Agriculture Journal 35(4): 521-530. (in Thai)
Lal, R. 2001. Soil degradation by erosion. Land Degradation 12: 519-539.
Land Classification Division. 1973. Soil Interpretation Handbook for Thailand. Land Development Department, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Land Development Department. 2000. Soil Loss in Thailand. Land Development Department, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Land Development Department. 2011. Area and soil loss rates according to the land use in each regions of Thailand. (online), Available: https://www.ldd.go.th/ofsweb/thaisoil/p10.htm (September 25, 2018). (in Thai)
Levan, D. and P. Truong. 2003. Vetiver grass system for erosion control on severe acid sulfate soil on southern Vietnam. pp. 284-292. In: P. Truong and H.P. Xia (eds.) Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Vetiver and Exhibition: Vetiver and Water. Guangzhou, China.
Lima, P.L.T., M.L.N. Silva, J.N. Quinton, P. V. G. Batista, B.M. Cândido and N. Curi. 2018. Relationship among crop systems, soil cover, and water erosion on a Typic Hapludox. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 42: e0170081.
Lobo, D., Z. Lozano and F. Delgado. 2005. Water erosion risk assessment and impact on productivity of a Venezuela soil. Catena 64(2-3): 297-306.
Mala, T. 2003. Organic Fertilizer and Bio-fertilizer: Application and Production Techniques. Kasetsart University Press, Bangkok. 300 p. (in Thai)
Mann, L., V. Tolbert and J. Cushmann. 2002. Potential environmental effects of corn (Zea mays L.) stover removal with emphasis on soil organic matter and erosion. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 89(3): 149-166.
Nakhon Sawan Field Crops Research Center. 2017. Hybrid maize Nakhon Sawan 3. Office of Agricultural Research and Development Region 5, Nakhon Sawan. (in Thai)
National Soil Survey Center. 1996. Soil Survey Laboratory Methods Manual. Soil Survey Investigation No. 42, Version 3. United States Department of Agriculture, Lincoln, Nebraska.
Office of Agricultural Economics. 2017. Agricultural Statistics of Thailand 2016-2017. Office of Agricultural Economics, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Oshunsanya, S.O. 2013. Spacing effects of vetiver grass (Vetiveria nigritana Stapf) hedgerows on soil accumulation and yields of maize-cassava intercropping system in southwest Nigeria. Catena 104: 120-126.
Osotsapar, Y. 2000. Plant nutritions. Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok. 529 p. (in Thai)
Osotsapar, Y., A. Wongmaneeroj and C. Hongprayoon. 2008. Fertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture. Kasetsart University Press, Bangkok. 519 p. (in Thai)
Paisancharoen, K., A. Nunthakit, S. Meunchang and P. Panpruik. 2008. Effect of organic, chemical and bio-fertilizers on maize (var. Nakhon Sawan 2) production in Wang Saphung soil series. Thai Agricultural Research Journal 26(1): 82-90. (in Thai)
Pimentel, D. 2006. Soil erosion: A food and environmental threat. Environment, Development and Sustainability 8: 119-137.
Poomipan, P. 2013. Roles of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on plant, soil and environment. Thai Journal of Science and Technology 2(2): 91-101. (in Thai)
Reuter, D.J. and J.B. Robinson. 1997. Plant Analysis: An Interpretation Manual, 2nd ed. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood.
Sampet, C. 1999. Physiology of Crop Production. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai. 284 p. (in Thai)
Soil Science Faculty Staff. 2005. Introduction to Soil Science. Kasetsart University Press, Bangkok. 547 p. (in Thai)
Soil Survey Division. 1993. Soil Survey Manual. United States Department of Agriculture Handbook No. 18. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
Sukhkasem, A., S. Anusontpornperm, I. Kheoruenromne, A. Suddhiprakarn and S. Thanachit. 2017. Effect of long-term soil and water conservation measure on soil erosion and carbon sequestration under field crop practices. Khon Kaen Agriculture Journal 45(2): 285-296. (in Thai)
Takim, F.O. 2012. Advantages of maize-cowpea intercropping over sole cropping through competition indices. Journal of Agriculture and Biodiversity Research 1(4): 53-58.
Wongkrachang, S. and B. Rattaneetu. 2013. Sandy soils management for agriculture. Princess of Naradhiwas University Journal 5(4): 184-194. (in Thai)
Wright, S.F. and A. Upadhyaya. 1998. A survey of soils for aggregate stability and glomalin, a glycoprotein produced by hyphae of AM fungi. Plant and Soil 198: 97-107.
Xia, H.P., H.X. AO, D.Q. He and S.Z. Liu. 1996. A study on vetiver grass in soil amelioration, and soil and moisture conservation. Tropical Geography 16: 265-270.
Yang, X.M. and M.M. Wander. 1999. Tillage effects on soil organic carbon distribution and storage in silt loam soil in Illinois. Soil and Tillage Research 52: 1-9.
Yomyart, S. 2014. Rhizobium. The Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Babalola, O., S.O. Oshunsanya and K. Are. 2005. Continuous cultivation of maize under vetiver grass strip management; runoff, soil loss, nutrient losses and maize yields. Ibadan Journal of Agricultural Research 2: 16-26.
Bedini, S., E. Pellegrino, L. Avio, S. Pellegrini, P. Bazzoffi, E. Argese and M. Giovannetti. 2009. Changes in soil aggregation and glomalin-related soil protein content as affected by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 41: 1491-1496.
Bertol, I.B., E.L. Mello, J.C. Guadagnin, A.L.V. Zaparolli and M.R. Carrafa. 2003. Nutrient losses by water erosion. Scientia Agricola 60: 581-586.
Brady, N.C. and R.R. Weil. 2008. The Nature and Properties of Soil. 14th ed. Pearson, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
Cerdá, A. 2007. Soil water erosion on road embankments in eastern Spain. Science of the Total Environment 378: 151-155.
Department of Agriculture. 2005. Recommendation of fertilizer application for economic crops. pp. 21-24. In: Paper No.8/2005. Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Ekasing, B., P. Gypmantasiri and K. Thong-ngam. 2001. Assess potentials, alternatives and needs of maize farmer in major maize growing areas of Thailand 2000. The Multiple Cropping Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai. (in Thai)
Greenfield, J.C. 1990. Vetiver Grass (Vetiveria spp.): The Ideal Plant for Vegetative Soil and Moisture Conservation. Asia Technical Department, Agriculture Division, World Bank, Washington, D.C.
Grimshaw, R.G. 1993. The Role of Vetiver Grass in Sustaining Agricultural Productivity. Asia Technical Department, World Bank, Washington, D.C.
Havlin, J.L., J.D. Beaton, S.L. Tisdale and W.L. Nelson. 2005. Soil Fertility and Fertilizers: An Introduction to Nutrient Management. 7th ed. Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
Hidayat, Y. K., Murtilaksono and N. Sinukaban. 2012. Characterization of surface runoff, soil erosion and nutrient loss on forest-agriculture landscape. Journal of Tropical Soils 17: 259-266.
Kaewkunya, C., A. Yubonwat, A. Muktawat, S. Pholpharit and O. Yonpim. 2018. Effects of intercropping on the performance of corn and cowpea grown on lateritic soil. Khon Kaen Agriculture Journal 46 (Supplement Issue 1): 405-411. (in Thai)
Kang, B.T., G.F. Wilson and L. Sipkens. 1981. Alley cropping maize (Zea mays L.) and leucaena (Leuceana leucocephala Lam) in southern Nigeria. Plant and Soil 63: 165-179.
Kasivivat, A., C. La-ied and S. Boonpradub. 2004. Study on Corn-based cropping system on sloping lands in Phetchabun province. Office of Agricultural Research and Development Region 2, Phetchabun. (in Thai)
Khamkajorn, T. 2015. Assessing erosion and nutrient losses under soil and water conservation measures in upland rubber plantation: A case study Wang Thong District, Phisanulok Province. M.S. Thesis. Naresuan University, Phisanulok. 93 p. (in Thai)
Kittiwirote, K. and T. Kongkaew. 2007. Soil erosion, nutrient balance and economic value of various soil and water conservation methods and farmer’s perspective after transfer the knowledge of soil and Water conservation systems. Khon Kaen Agriculture Journal 35(4): 521-530. (in Thai)
Lal, R. 2001. Soil degradation by erosion. Land Degradation 12: 519-539.
Land Classification Division. 1973. Soil Interpretation Handbook for Thailand. Land Development Department, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Land Development Department. 2000. Soil Loss in Thailand. Land Development Department, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Land Development Department. 2011. Area and soil loss rates according to the land use in each regions of Thailand. (online), Available: https://www.ldd.go.th/ofsweb/thaisoil/p10.htm (September 25, 2018). (in Thai)
Levan, D. and P. Truong. 2003. Vetiver grass system for erosion control on severe acid sulfate soil on southern Vietnam. pp. 284-292. In: P. Truong and H.P. Xia (eds.) Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Vetiver and Exhibition: Vetiver and Water. Guangzhou, China.
Lima, P.L.T., M.L.N. Silva, J.N. Quinton, P. V. G. Batista, B.M. Cândido and N. Curi. 2018. Relationship among crop systems, soil cover, and water erosion on a Typic Hapludox. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 42: e0170081.
Lobo, D., Z. Lozano and F. Delgado. 2005. Water erosion risk assessment and impact on productivity of a Venezuela soil. Catena 64(2-3): 297-306.
Mala, T. 2003. Organic Fertilizer and Bio-fertilizer: Application and Production Techniques. Kasetsart University Press, Bangkok. 300 p. (in Thai)
Mann, L., V. Tolbert and J. Cushmann. 2002. Potential environmental effects of corn (Zea mays L.) stover removal with emphasis on soil organic matter and erosion. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 89(3): 149-166.
Nakhon Sawan Field Crops Research Center. 2017. Hybrid maize Nakhon Sawan 3. Office of Agricultural Research and Development Region 5, Nakhon Sawan. (in Thai)
National Soil Survey Center. 1996. Soil Survey Laboratory Methods Manual. Soil Survey Investigation No. 42, Version 3. United States Department of Agriculture, Lincoln, Nebraska.
Office of Agricultural Economics. 2017. Agricultural Statistics of Thailand 2016-2017. Office of Agricultural Economics, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Oshunsanya, S.O. 2013. Spacing effects of vetiver grass (Vetiveria nigritana Stapf) hedgerows on soil accumulation and yields of maize-cassava intercropping system in southwest Nigeria. Catena 104: 120-126.
Osotsapar, Y. 2000. Plant nutritions. Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok. 529 p. (in Thai)
Osotsapar, Y., A. Wongmaneeroj and C. Hongprayoon. 2008. Fertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture. Kasetsart University Press, Bangkok. 519 p. (in Thai)
Paisancharoen, K., A. Nunthakit, S. Meunchang and P. Panpruik. 2008. Effect of organic, chemical and bio-fertilizers on maize (var. Nakhon Sawan 2) production in Wang Saphung soil series. Thai Agricultural Research Journal 26(1): 82-90. (in Thai)
Pimentel, D. 2006. Soil erosion: A food and environmental threat. Environment, Development and Sustainability 8: 119-137.
Poomipan, P. 2013. Roles of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on plant, soil and environment. Thai Journal of Science and Technology 2(2): 91-101. (in Thai)
Reuter, D.J. and J.B. Robinson. 1997. Plant Analysis: An Interpretation Manual, 2nd ed. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood.
Sampet, C. 1999. Physiology of Crop Production. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai. 284 p. (in Thai)
Soil Science Faculty Staff. 2005. Introduction to Soil Science. Kasetsart University Press, Bangkok. 547 p. (in Thai)
Soil Survey Division. 1993. Soil Survey Manual. United States Department of Agriculture Handbook No. 18. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
Sukhkasem, A., S. Anusontpornperm, I. Kheoruenromne, A. Suddhiprakarn and S. Thanachit. 2017. Effect of long-term soil and water conservation measure on soil erosion and carbon sequestration under field crop practices. Khon Kaen Agriculture Journal 45(2): 285-296. (in Thai)
Takim, F.O. 2012. Advantages of maize-cowpea intercropping over sole cropping through competition indices. Journal of Agriculture and Biodiversity Research 1(4): 53-58.
Wongkrachang, S. and B. Rattaneetu. 2013. Sandy soils management for agriculture. Princess of Naradhiwas University Journal 5(4): 184-194. (in Thai)
Wright, S.F. and A. Upadhyaya. 1998. A survey of soils for aggregate stability and glomalin, a glycoprotein produced by hyphae of AM fungi. Plant and Soil 198: 97-107.
Xia, H.P., H.X. AO, D.Q. He and S.Z. Liu. 1996. A study on vetiver grass in soil amelioration, and soil and moisture conservation. Tropical Geography 16: 265-270.
Yang, X.M. and M.M. Wander. 1999. Tillage effects on soil organic carbon distribution and storage in silt loam soil in Illinois. Soil and Tillage Research 52: 1-9.
Yomyart, S. 2014. Rhizobium. The Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology, Bangkok. (in Thai)