Characteristics of Biochar Derived from Cashew Nut Shell and Potential for Acid Soil Amelioration
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Abstract
Uttaradit province is the largest area of cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale) production in Thailand. The average yield of cashew nut is 5,000 ton in each year. Cashew nut shell, is a waste of community derived after shelling process, produced 3,700 - 4,000 ton annually. Presently, some of cashew nut shell has been exported for industrial use or compressed for cashew nut shell liquid commonly known as CNSL. Although, the crude of cashew nut shell still remained problematic and should be upcycled. Biochar obtained from cashew nut shell was studied about its benefits for agricultural application such as a soil conditioner or plant nutrients resource. Therefore, the chemical properties of cashew nut shell biochar (CNSC) was characterised. The effect of CNSC on changing of soil pH, EC and mineralization of some nutrients was also investigated employing liming material and FGD gypsum as a benchmark. The study showed that CNSC has pH of 10.3 and contains mainly stable carbon (57.71 %) and 3.24 % of K. The efficacy of CNSC is inferior to lime considering from the rate of CNSC between 10 - 50 times of LR were applied in order to rise soil pH. Potassium was the main component of CNSC that play a key role in decrease of soil acidity. Moreover, available P and exchangeable K were increased after CNSC application which has not effect EC values.
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