Livelihood Diversification Strategies in Post-monsoon Cotton Production Systems in Rainfed Upland of Central Myanmar

Abstract

This study investigates the contribution of livelihood assets to post-monsoon cotton production, and examines the production constraining factors in three townships of Central Myanmar in 2010. A total of 150 farming households from Kyaukse, Myittha, and Wundwin townships were interviewed using sustainable livelihood framework. The low cotton yield was due to several factors such as pest problem, inappropriate fertilizer management, labor shortage during harvest, limited financial asset, and insufficient extension contact. Climatic variation also reduced crop yield. The cotton farmers adopted various management practices to sustain crop production including improved variety, good quality seed, appropriate pest and fertilizer management, as well as crop rotation. Farmers followed extension’s recommendation, and effective labor use. To achieve high income, farmers adapted diversification livelihood strategies involving combination of farming, off-farm, and non-farm activities. Agriculture, through diversified cropping systems, still contributed the highest household income.