Effects of Activated Charcoal and 2,4-D on Callus Induction and Formation of Indica Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Supunburi 1

Abstract

This in vitro study was aimed to investigate the effects of activated charcoal (AC) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) on increasing in caulogenesis amount of Indica rice cv. Supunburi 1 (SPR1). The factorial in completely randomized design (Factorial in CRD) was conducted. Mature rice seeds were cultured in modified  Linsmaier and Skoog (LS) based medium supplemented with different concentrations of activated charcoal and 2,4-D. Activated charcoal in various concentrations, 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 g L-1, in combination with 2,4-D concentrations of 0, 1, 2 and 3 mg L-1 were applied to the media. There were 20 treatments used for callus embryogenesis, each was performed in triplicate. After 15 days of cultivation, the result showed that the LS medium containing 0.05 g L-1 activated charcoal and 2-3 mg L-1 2,4-D stimulated high frequency of friable and yellow embryogenic calli. Moreover, the frequency of embryogenic calli was increased to 51.33-60.67% and the average calli diameter was 8.00-8.57 mm. Therefore, the in vitro culture using this modified LS medium can be used to improve high frequency of embryogenic calli, which lead further to develop more somatic embryos or embryoid.