Mutation Induction in Sesame for Utilizing as Ornamental Crop

Abstract

Mutation induction for improving sesame for utilizing as ornamental crop was conducted. Seven varieties of sesame, SM 73 line MKS-II-82128-1, SM 73 R line MKS-II-82128-1, SM 74 line MKS-I-82186, SM 74 line NS 214, Amphur Pai, Amphur Phrao and KKU 3, were exposed to gamma ray at different doses, 0, 30, 60 and 90 Gray (Gy). It was found that gamma ray had effect on flower color of SM 73 line MKS-II-82128-1, SM 74 line MKS-I-82186, Amphur Pai and KKU 3. Gamma ray at 90 Gy had effect on height of first flowering of SM 74 line MKS-I-82186, whereas gamma ray at 30, 60 and 90 Gy had an effect on time of flowering of SM 73 line MKS-II-82128-1, SM 73 R line MKS-II-82128-1, SM 74 line NS 214 and KKU 3. However, gamma ray did not have any effect on lower petal color, height of first flowering node and branching. These selected varieties of first radiated generation were planted for M2 generation. It was found that gamma ray had no effect on plant height, day of flowering and branching. However,   in this test, Amphur Pai radiated at 30 and 60 Gy showed various flower color.

Different concentrations of colchicine, 0, 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 %, were applied on shoot tip of Amphur Pai, Amphur Phrao and KKU 3. It was found that the greater concentrations of colchicine resulted in the lower survival rate and plant height. Flowering period was delayed whereas flower size was increased.

Radiation doses or colchicine concentrations had no effect on chromosome number. Number of chromosome of sesame yielded 26 chromosomes. (2n = 26).