Development of Parental Lines for F1 Hybrid in Chilli
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Abstract
Peppers were collected from Chiangmai province and obtained from Kasetsart University. They were selected for long fruit, high pungency, male fertile and high yield. Three male parental lines (1-3-7,3-3-7, and 4-3-7) were obtained. Female parents which were male sterile lines, were backcrossed for two generations. Three female parental lines (2735BC2#14, 2735BC2#16 and 2740BC2#10) which were obtained had high capsaicin levels .Nine F1hybrids were produced. They were tested in comparison with parental lines and three commercial varieties(PrekNum Jhomtong 2, PrekNum keaw and PrekNum Sanpatong). Yields of hybrid varieties ranged from 20,039.58 kg/ha to 38,433.33 kg/ha. Male parental lines yielded from 19,554.17 to 35,120.83 kg/ha. F1hybrid 2740BC2 #10x 1-3-7 was the highest yielding variety (38,433.33 kg/ha). Heterosis of this hybrid variety was 5.20%. The yield of this hybrid variety was significantly different from commercial varieties. F1hybrid 2740BC2#10 x3-3-7 which had the highest heterosis (38.66%) but the yield was only 34,400 kg/ha. The yield of this hybrid variety was not significantly different form commercial varieties.
Degrees of pungency levels were determined by spectrophotometer at absorbance of 750 nm. Line 1-3-7 had the highest capsaicin ( 9,310 scoille unit). Capsaicin levels of F1hybrid varieties 2735BC2#16 x 1-3-7, 2735BC2#14 x 4-3-7 and 2735BC2#16 x 4-3-7 were 7,520, 5,580 and 5,480 scoville unit, respectively. These levels were higher than commercial varieties (3,214 to 5,363 scoville unit). F1hybrid 2735BC2#16 x 4-3-7 had the highest heterosis, 364.76% but it had only 4,880 scoville unit of capsaicin level. When the pungency was observed by human bite test. F1hybrid 2735BC2#16 x 3-3-7 showed the highest degree of pungency.
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References
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