ลักษณะทางพืชไร่ของพืชตระกูลถั่วกินเมล็ดบางชนิดที่ปลูกเพื่อการปรับปรุงบำรุงดิน

Abstract

Agronomic characters of some grain legume species for maintaining soil fertility were studied by growing plants under early (June, 21,1990) and late rainy seasons (September, 10,1990). The experiment was carried out at Mae Hia Agricultural Research Station and Training Center, Chiang Mai University. The cultivars studied were 1.Blackbean (Vigna unquiculata(L.),local and KK.306) 2.Cowpea (Vigna unquiculata (L.), KK.306,red seed, brown seed,IT-82.D and Tapaw) 3.Ricebean (Vigna umbellata(L.), red seed, green seed) 4.Lab-lab bean (Lablab purpureus (L.),redseed white seed) 5.Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp),local, 99W) 6.Jackbean (Canavalia ensiformis (L.) 7.Mungbean (Vigna radiata(L.) Wilczek),KPS.1) 8.Blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper), Uthong 2). The result showed that two distinguished types of growth habit were found. Indeterminated types were blackbean (local), rice bean (red and green seed), lablab bean (red and white seed), pigeonpe (99W, local), jackbean and black gram (U-thong 2). Determinated types were blackbean(KK.306), cowpea (red and brown seed, IT-82 D, Tapaw) and mungbean (KPS-1), indicating the genotypic variation of photoperoid sensitivity.Base flower colour, base colour of seed and seed shape varied with cultivars. The late rainy season fastened seed maturity, caused the reduction in seed yield, leaf area index and total dry matter production of some cultivars.Moreover, there were significantly dif-ferent in cultivars by season interaction on these parameters, similarly in residual dry matter and harvest index. In early rainy season, planting the indeterminated-climbing cultivars of blackbean (local), ricebean, lablab bean (red and white seed) were suitable for maintaining soil fertility due to its higher residual dry matter production and low harvest index.