Effects of Water and Nitrogen Fertilizer Management on Leaf Proline Content in Different Growth Stages of Thai Fragrant Rice Landraces
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Abstract
Proline is a precursor used in the synthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) accumulates in the grains of fragrant rice. Proline accumulation has been reported after exposure to stress conditions during cultivation such as drought, high temperatures, low temperatures, or nutrient deficiencies. This study was to assess the effect of water and nitrogen fertilizer managements on proline content in Thai Fragrant Proline is a precursor used in the synthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) accumulates in the grains of fragrant rice. Proline accumulation has been reported after exposure to stress conditions during cultivation such as drought, high temperatures, low temperatures, or nutrient deficiencies. Therefore, this research aimed to study the effect of water (unsaturated and waterlogged) and nitrogen management at the rate of 60 (N60) and 150 (N150) kg/ha in the fragrant rice landrace, Buer Ner Moo 4 (BNM4) and the popular rice varieties Khao Dawk Mali 105 (KDML105) and Suphan Buri 1 (SPR1). The experiment was designed in a factorial in completely randomized design with 3 replications. The proline accumulation in leaves of rice was evaluated at the tillering, booting, and flowering stages. It was found that the proline content of the three rice varieties responded differently to water and nitrogen fertilizer management during tillering and flowering stage, In the booting stage, the proline content of all varieties responded to water and nitrogen fertilizer management in the same direction. Under unsaturated condition, leaf proline content increased when applied with N150 which was 37 - 46 % higher than N60. Under waterlogged condition, applying with N60 greatly increased leaf proline content by 52 - 66 % compared with N150. Comparing among the growth stage, it was found that leaves proline content in the booting stage was the highest from the other. The data obtained from this study can be utilized in appropriate water and nitrogen fertilizer management for each variety. It is assumed that proline accumulation in rice leaves is related to aroma (2AP) in fragrant rice. Further studies may be needed on the relationship between 2AP and leaf proline content, and in-depth molecular studies should be conducted to determine the gene expression that regulate proline content related to aroma (2AP) in fragrant rice.
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